Under isothermal conditions, phase transitions occur through a nucleation event when conditions are sufficiently close to coexistence. The formation of a nucleus of the new phase requires the system to overcome a free energy barrier of formation, whose height rapidly rises as supersaturation decreases. This phenomenon occurs both in the bulk and under confinement and leads to a very slow kinetics for the transition, ultimately resulting in hysteresis, where the system can remain in a metastable state for a long time. This has broad implications, for instance, when using simulations to predict phase diagrams or screen porous materials for gas storage applications. Here, we leverage simulations in an adiabatic statistical ensemble, known as adiabatic grand-isochoric ensemble (μ, V, L) ensemble, to reach equilibrium states with a greater efficiency than its isothermal counterpart, i.e., simulations in the grand-canonical ensemble. For the bulk, we show that at low supersaturation, isothermal simulations converge slowly, while adiabatic simulations exhibit a fast convergence over a wide range of supersaturation. We then focus on adsorption and desorption processes in nanoporous materials, assess the reliability of (μ, V, L) simulations on the adsorption of argon in IRMOF-1, and demonstrate the efficiency of adiabatic simulations to predict efficiently the equilibrium loading during the adsorption and desorption of argon in MCM-41, a system that exhibits significant hysteresis. We provide quantitative measures of the increased rate of convergence when using adiabatic simulations. Adiabatic simulations explore a wide temperature range, leading to a more efficient exploration of the configuration space.
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7 September 2024
Research Article|
September 09 2024
Accelerated convergence via adiabatic sampling for adsorption and desorption processes
Caroline Desgranges
;
Caroline Desgranges
a)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts
, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: caroline_desgranges@uml.edu and jerome_delhommelle@uml.edu
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Jerome Delhommelle
Jerome Delhommelle
a)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: caroline_desgranges@uml.edu and jerome_delhommelle@uml.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: caroline_desgranges@uml.edu and jerome_delhommelle@uml.edu
J. Chem. Phys. 161, 104104 (2024)
Article history
Received:
June 14 2024
Accepted:
August 20 2024
Citation
Caroline Desgranges, Jerome Delhommelle; Accelerated convergence via adiabatic sampling for adsorption and desorption processes. J. Chem. Phys. 7 September 2024; 161 (10): 104104. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223486
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