Transferrin, a central player in iron transport, has been recognized not only for its role in binding iron but also for its interaction with other metals, including titanium. This study employs solid-state nanopores to investigate the binding of titanium ions [Ti(IV)] to transferrin in a single-molecule and label-free manner. We demonstrate the novel application of solid-state nanopores for single-molecule discrimination between apo-transferrin (metal-free) and Ti(IV)-transferrin. Despite their similar sizes, Ti(IV)-transferrin exhibits a reduced current drop, attributed to differences in translocation times and filter characteristics. Single-molecule analysis reveals Ti(IV)-transferrin’s enhanced stability and faster translocations due to its distinct conformational flexibility compared to apo-transferrin. Furthermore, our study showcases solid-state nanopores as real-time monitors of biochemical reactions, tracking the gradual conversion of apo-transferrin to Ti(IV)-transferrin upon the addition of titanium citrate. This work offers insights into Ti(IV) binding to transferrin, promising applications for single-molecule analysis and expanding our comprehension of metal–protein interactions at the molecular level.
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28 January 2024
Research Article|
January 26 2024
Real-time monitoring of Ti(IV) metal ion binding of transferrin using a solid-state nanopore
Special Collection:
Polymer Nanoconfinement
Matthew O’Donohue
;
Matthew O’Donohue
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Applied Science Program, Southern Methodist University
, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
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Madhav L. Ghimire
;
Madhav L. Ghimire
(Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing)
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University
, 3101 Dyer Street, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
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Sangyoup Lee
;
Sangyoup Lee
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing)
3
Bionic Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Min Jun Kim
Min Jun Kim
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing)
1
Applied Science Program, Southern Methodist University
, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University
, 3101 Dyer Street, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
J. Chem. Phys. 160, 044906 (2024)
Article history
Received:
October 31 2023
Accepted:
January 02 2024
Citation
Matthew O’Donohue, Madhav L. Ghimire, Sangyoup Lee, Min Jun Kim; Real-time monitoring of Ti(IV) metal ion binding of transferrin using a solid-state nanopore. J. Chem. Phys. 28 January 2024; 160 (4): 044906. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185590
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