In the present work, two quasi-molecular compounds each involving one antiproton and one electron (p̄), He+p̄ and Hp̄, are investigated. Using completely relativistic calculations within the finite-basis method adapted to systems with axial symmetry, the adiabatic potential curves are constructed by numerically solving the two-center Dirac equation. The binding energies of electron are obtained as a function of the inter-nuclear distance and compared with the corresponding nonrelativistic values and relativistic leading-order corrections calculated in the framework of other approaches. A semantic analysis of antiproton quasi-molecular ions with compounds containing a proton (p) instead of an antiproton is given. The advantages of the A-DKB method are demonstrated.

1.
J.-P.
Karr
,
L.
Hilico
,
J. C. J.
Koelemeij
, and
V. I.
Korobov
, “
Hydrogen molecular ions for improved determination of fundamental constants
,”
Phys. Rev. A
94
,
050501
(
2016
).
2.
S.
Schiller
,
D.
Bakalov
, and
V. I.
Korobov
, “
Simplest molecules as candidates for precise optical clocks
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
113
,
023004
(
2014
).
3.
M.
Doser
, “
Antiprotonic bound systems
,”
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.
125
,
103964
(
2022
).
4.
E. G.
Myers
, “
CPT tests with the antihydrogen molecular ion
,”
Phys. Rev. A
98
,
010101
(
2018
).
5.
M.
Hori
,
A.
Sótér
,
D.
Barna
,
A.
Dax
,
R.
Hayano
,
S.
Friedreich
,
B.
Juhász
,
T.
Pask
,
E.
Widmann
,
D.
Horváth
et al, “
Two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio
,”
Nature
475
,
484
488
(
2011
).
6.
V. I.
Korobov
, “
“Calculation of transitions between metastable states of antiprotonic helium including relativistic and radiative corrections of order Rα4
,”
Phys. Rev. A
77
,
042506
(
2008
).
7.
V. I.
Korobov
,
L.
Hilico
, and
J.-P.
Karr
, “
7-order corrections in the hydrogen molecular ions and antiprotonic helium
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
112
,
103003
(
2014
).
8.
G.
Baur
,
G.
Boero
,
A.
Brauksiepe
,
A.
Buzzo
,
W.
Eyrich
,
R.
Geyer
,
D.
Grzonka
,
J.
Hauffe
,
K.
Kilian
,
M.
LoVetere
,
M.
Macri
,
M.
Moosburger
,
R.
Nellen
,
W.
Oelert
,
S.
Passaggio
,
A.
Pozzo
,
K.
Röhrich
,
K.
Sachs
,
G.
Schepers
,
T.
Sefzick
,
R. S.
Simon
,
R.
Stratmann
,
F.
Stinzing
, and
M.
Wolke
, “
Production of antihydrogen
,”
Phys. Lett. B
368
,
251
258
(
1996
).
9.
G.
Blanford
,
D. C.
Christian
,
K.
Gollwitzer
,
M.
Mandelkern
,
C. T.
Munger
,
J.
Schultz
, and
G.
Zioulas
, “
Observation of atomic antihydrogen
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
80
,
3037
3040
(
1998
).
10.
M.
Amoretti
,
C.
Amsler
,
G.
Bonomi
,
A.
Bouchta
,
P. D.
Bowe
,
C.
Carraro
,
C. L.
Cesar
,
M.
Charlton
,
M.
Doser
,
V.
Filippini
et al, “
Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms
,”
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A
518
,
244
248
(
2004
).
11.
C. J.
Baker
,
W.
Bertsche
,
A.
Capra
,
C.
Carruth
,
C. L.
Cesar
,
M.
Charlton
,
A.
Christensen
,
R.
Collister
,
A. C.
Mathad
,
S.
Eriksson
et al, “
Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms
,”
Nature
592
,
35
42
(
2021
).
12.
M.
Ahmadi
,
B.
Alves
,
C.
Baker
et al, “
Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen
,”
Nature
548
,
66
69
(
2017
).
13.
M.
Ahmadi
,
B. X. R.
Alves
,
C. J.
Baker
,
W.
Bertsche
,
A.
Capra
,
C.
Carruth
,
C. L.
Cesar
,
M.
Charlton
,
S.
Cohen
,
R.
Collister
,
S.
Eriksson
,
A.
Evans
,
N.
Evetts
,
J.
Fajans
,
T.
Friesen
,
M. C.
Fujiwara
,
D. R.
Gill
,
J. S.
Hangst
,
W. N.
Hardy
,
M. E.
Hayden
,
E. D.
Hunter
,
C. A.
Isaac
,
M. A.
Johnson
,
J. M.
Jones
,
S. A.
Jones
,
S.
Jonsell
,
A.
Khramov
,
P.
Knapp
,
L.
Kurchaninov
,
N.
Madsen
,
D.
Maxwell
,
J. T. K.
McKenna
,
S.
Menary
,
J. M.
Michan
,
T.
Momose
,
J. J.
Munich
,
K.
Olchanski
,
A.
Olin
,
P.
Pusa
,
C. Ø.
Rasmussen
,
F.
Robicheaux
,
R. L.
Sacramento
,
M.
Sameed
,
E.
Sarid
,
D. M.
Silveira
,
D. M.
Starko
,
G.
Stutter
,
C.
So
,
T. D.
Tharp
,
R. I.
Thompson
,
D. P.
van der Werf
, and
J. S.
Wurtele
, “
Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen
,”
Nature
561
,
211
215
(
2018
).
14.
S.
Jonsell
, “
Collisions involving antiprotons and antihydrogen: An overview
,”
Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A
376
,
20170271
(
2018
).
15.
T.
Kirchner
and
H.
Knudsen
, “
Current status of antiproton impact ionization of atoms and molecules: Theoretical and experimental perspectives
,”
J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys.
44
,
122001
(
2011
).
16.
K.
Sakimoto
, “
Protonium formation in collisions of antiprotons with hydrogen molecular ions
,”
J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys.
37
,
2255
(
2004
).
17.
V. I.
Korobov
and
T.
Tsogbayar
, “
Relativistic corrections of order 6 to the two-centre problem
,”
J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys.
40
,
2661
(
2007
).
18.
T.
Tsogbayar
and
V. I.
Korobov
, “
Relativistic correction to the 1 and 2 electronic states of the H2+ molecular ion and the moleculelike states of the antiprotonic helium He+p̄
,”
J. Chem. Phys.
125
,
024308
(
2006
).
19.
V. I.
Korobov
,
J.-P.
Karr
,
M.
Haidar
, and
Z.-X.
Zhong
, “
Hyperfine structure in the H2+ and HD+ molecular ions at order 6
,”
Phys. Rev. A
102
,
022804
(
2020
).
20.
S. R.
McConnell
,
A. N.
Artemyev
,
M.
Mai
, and
A.
Surzhykov
, “
Solution of the two-center time-dependent Dirac equation in spherical coordinates: Application of the multipole expansion of the electron–nuclei interaction
,”
Phys. Rev. A
86
,
052705
(
2012
).
21.
I. I.
Tupitsyn
and
D. V.
Mironova
, “
Relativistic calculations of ground states of single-electron diatomic molecular ions
,”
Opt. Spectrosc.
117
,
351
357
(
2014
).
22.
D. V.
Mironova
,
I. I.
Tupitsyn
,
V. M.
Shabaev
, and
G.
Plunien
, “
Relativistic calculations of the ground state energies and the critical distances for one-electron homonuclear quasi-molecules
,”
Chem. Phys.
449
,
10
13
(
2015
).
23.
V. M.
Shabaev
,
I. I.
Tupitsyn
,
V. A.
Yerokhin
,
G.
Plunien
, and
G.
Soff
, “
Dual kinetic balance approach to basis-set expansions for the Dirac equation
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
93
,
130405
(
2004
).
24.
E. B.
Rozenbaum
,
D. A.
Glazov
,
V. M.
Shabaev
,
K. E.
Sosnova
, and
D. A.
Telnov
, “
Dual-kinetic-balance approach to the Dirac equation for axially symmetric systems: Application to static and time-dependent fields
,”
Phys. Rev. A
89
,
012514
(
2014
).
25.
A. A.
Kotov
,
D. A.
Glazov
,
A. V.
Malyshev
,
A. V.
Vladimirova
,
V. M.
Shabaev
, and
G.
Plunien
, “
Ground-state energy of uranium diatomic quasimolecules with one and two electrons
,”
X-Ray Spectrom.
49
,
110
114
(
2020
).
26.
A. A.
Kotov
,
D. A.
Glazov
,
V. M.
Shabaev
, and
G.
Plunien
, “
One-electron energy spectra of heavy highly charged quasimolecules: Finite-basis-set approach
,”
Atoms
9
,
44
(
2021
).
27.
A. A.
Kotov
,
D. A.
Glazov
,
A. V.
Malyshev
,
V. M.
Shabaev
, and
G.
Plunien
, “
Finite-basis-set approach to the two-center heteronuclear Dirac problem
,”
Atoms
10
,
145
(
2022
).
28.
W. R.
Johnson
,
S. A.
Blundell
, and
J.
Sapirstein
, “
Finite basis sets for the Dirac equation constructed from B splines
,”
Phys. Rev. A
37
,
307
315
(
1988
).
29.
J.
Sapirstein
and
W. R.
Johnson
, “
The use of basis splines in theoretical atomic physics
,”
J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys.
29
,
5213
(
1996
).
30.
D.
Solovyev
,
A.
Anikin
,
A.
Danilov
,
D.
Glazov
, and
A.
Kotov
, “
Light one-electron quasi-molecular ions within the finite-basis-set method for the two-center Dirac equation
,” arXiv:2310.04057 [physics.atom-ph] (
2023
).
31.
I.
Paul
, “
Electron correlation effects in few-electron atoms
,” in
Atomic Physics with Heavy Ions
, edited by
H. F.
Beyer
and
V. P.
Shevelko
(
Springer
,
Berlin, Heidelberg
,
1999
), pp.
92
116
.
32.
R. J.
Bartlett
and
M.
Musiał
, “
Coupled-cluster theory in quantum chemistry
,”
Rev. Mod. Phys.
79
,
291
352
(
2007
).
33.
R.
Walter
,
Johnson, Atomic Structure Theory
(
Springer
,
Berlin
,
2010
).
34.
D. A.
Glazov
,
A. V.
Malyshev
,
A. V.
Volotka
,
V. M.
Shabaev
,
I. I.
Tupitsyn
, and
G.
Plunien
, “
Higher-order perturbative relativistic calculations for few-electron atoms and ions
,”
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B
408
,
46
49
(
2017
), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-2016), Kielce, Poland, 11–16 September 2016.
35.
I.
Angeli
and
K. P.
Marinova
, “
Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update
,”
At. Data Nucl. Data Tables
99
,
69
95
(
2013
).
36.
E.
Tiesinga
,
P. J.
Mohr
,
D. B.
Newell
, and
B. N.
Taylor
, “
CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018
,”
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
50
,
033105
(
2021
).
37.
I.
Shimamura
, “
Molecule like metastable states of antiprotonic and mesic helium
,”
Phys. Rev. A
46
,
3776
(
1992
).
38.
E.
Fermi
and
E.
Teller
, “
The capture of negative mesotrons in matter
,”
Phys. Rev.
72
,
399
(
1947
).
39.
P. S.
Krstic
,
D. R.
Schultz
, and
R. K.
Janev
, “
Inelastic processes in slow collisions of antiprotons with hydrogenic ions
,”
J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys.
29
,
1941
(
1996
).
40.
D. R.
Schultz
,
P. S.
Krstić
,
C. O.
Reinhold
, and
J. C.
Wells
, “
Ionization of hydrogen and hydrogenic ions by antiprotons
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
76
,
2882
(
1996
).
41.
S. Y.
Ovchinnikov
and
J. H.
Macek
, “
Protonium formation in antiproton–hydrogen-atom collisions
,”
Phys. Rev. A
71
,
052717
(
2005
).
42.
R. F.
Wallis
,
R.
Herman
, and
H. W.
Milnes
, “
Energy levels of an electron in the field of a finite dipole
,”
J. Mol. Spectrosc.
4
,
51
74
(
1960
).
43.
J. E.
Turner
,
V. E.
Anderson
, and
K.
Fox
, “
Ground-state energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for an electron in an electric-dipole field
,”
Phys. Rev.
174
,
81
(
1968
).
44.
S.
Alighanbari
,
G. S.
Giri
,
F. L.
Constantin
,
V. I.
Korobov
, and
S.
Schiller
, “
Precise test of quantum electrodynamics and determination of fundamental constants with HD+ ions
,”
Nature
581
,
152
158
(
2020
).
You do not currently have access to this content.