The growing demand for improved electrochemical performance in energy storage systems has stimulated research into advanced two-dimensional (2D) materials for electrodes. In this work, we obtain a layered MXene compound by exfoliating a titanium aluminum carbide precursor using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) ions in a full room temperature process followed by manual shaking. The hexagonal crystal structure and composition of the layered materials are characterized using different techniques. X-Ray diffraction shows the formation of 2D nano-sheets before and after the TMAOH treatment via its characteristic (002) diffraction peak, bringing to light an increase in the interlayer spacing after treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm the layered morphology, whose composition is determined by energy dispersive x-ray analysis for the bulk material and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the surface of the obtained compounds. This study demonstrates a promising route to enhance delamination of this MXene 2D material in a low-cost room-temperature approach.

2.
M.
Chhowalla
,
Z.
Liu
, and
H.
Zhang
,
Chem. Soc. Rev.
44
(
9
),
2584
(
2015
).
3.
C. J.
Zhang
,
S. J.
Kim
,
M.
Ghidiu
,
M.-Q.
Zhao
,
M. W.
Barsoum
,
V.
Nicolosi
, and
Y.
Gogotsi
,
Adv. Funct. Mater.
26
(
23
),
4143
(
2016
).
4.
M.
Naguib
,
M.
Kurtoglu
,
V.
Presser
,
J.
Lu
,
J.
Niu
,
M.
Heon
,
L.
Hultman
,
Y.
Gogotsi
, and
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Adv. Mater.
23
(
37
),
4248
(
2011
).
5.
M. A.
Iqbal
,
A.
Tariq
,
A.
Zaheer
,
S.
Gul
,
S. I.
Ali
,
M. Z.
Iqbal
,
D.
Akinwande
, and
S.
Rizwan
,
ACS Omega
4
(
24
),
20530
(
2019
).
6.
L.
Verger
,
V.
Natu
,
M.
Carey
, and
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Trends Chem.
1
(
7
),
656
(
2019
).
7.
M.
Magnuson
and
M.
Mattesini
,
Thin Solid Films
621
,
108
(
2017
).
8.
S.
Rafiq
,
H.
Ahmad
,
M.
Rani
, and
R.
Syed
, “
Structural and morphological analysis for cerium (Ce+3) doped interclated 2D MXene
,”
SPIE
2020
,
1156103
9.
A.
Lipatov
,
M.
Alhabeb
,
M. R.
Lukatskaya
,
A.
Boson
,
Y.
Gogotsi
, and
A.
Sinitskii
,
Adv. Electron. Mater.
2
(
12
),
1600255
(
2016
).
10.
A.
Feng
,
Y.
Yu
,
Y.
Wang
,
F.
Jiang
,
Y.
Yu
,
L.
Mi
, and
L.
Song
,
Mater. Des.
114
,
161
(
2017
).
11.
F.
Liu
,
A.
Zhou
,
J.
Chen
,
J.
Jia
,
W.
Zhou
,
L.
Wang
, and
Q.
Hu
,
Appl. Surf. Sci.
416
,
781
(
2017
).
12.
J.
Halim
,
M. R.
Lukatskaya
,
K. M.
Cook
,
J.
Lu
,
C. R.
Smith
,
L.-Å.
Näslund
,
S. J.
May
,
L.
Hultman
,
Y.
Gogotsi
, and
P.
Eklund
,
Chem. Mater.
26
(
7
),
2374
(
2014
).
13.
M.
Ghidiu
,
M. R.
Lukatskaya
,
M.-Q.
Zhao
,
Y.
Gogotsi
, and
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Nature
516
(
7529
),
78
(
2014
).
14.
M.
Berdych
,
C. E.
Shuck
,
D.
Pinto
,
A.
Mohamed
,
E.
Precetti
,
D.
Grayson
,
B.
Anasori
,
N.
Kurra
, and
Y.
Gogotsi
,
Chem. Mater.
31
(
9
),
3324
(
2019
).
15.
H.
Tang
,
Y.
Yang
,
R.
Wang
, and
J.
Sun
,
J. Mater. Chem. C
8
(
18
),
6214
(
2020
).
16.
J.-C.
Lei
,
X.
Zhang
, and
Z.
Zhou
,
Front. Phys.
10
,
276
(
2015
).
17.
J.
Luo
,
X.
Tao
,
J.
Zhang
,
Y.
Xia
,
H.
Huang
,
L.
Zhang
,
Y.
Gan
,
C.
Liang
, and
W.
Zhang
,
ACS Nano
10
(
2
),
2491
(
2016
).
18.
D.
Sun
,
M.
Wang
,
Z.
Li
,
G.
Fan
,
L.-Z.
Fan
, and
A.
Zhou
,
Electrochem. Commun.
47
,
80
(
2014
).
19.
X.
Li
,
Z.
Huang
,
C. E.
Shuck
,
G.
Liang
,
Y.
Gogotsi
, and
C.
Zhi
,
Nat. Rev. Chem.
6
(
6
),
389
(
2022
).
20.
M.
Zhu
,
Y.
Huang
,
Q.
Deng
,
J.
Zhou
,
Z.
Pei
,
Q.
Xue
,
Y.
Huang
,
Z.
Wang
,
H.
Li
, and
Q.
Huang
,
Adv. Energy Mater.
6
(
21
),
1600969
(
2016
).
21.
M. A.
Iqbal
,
S. I.
Ali
,
F.
Amin
,
A.
Tariq
,
M. Z.
Iqbal
, and
S.
Rizwan
,
ACS Omega
4
(
5
),
8661
(
2019
).
22.
X.
Li
,
Q.
Li
,
Y.
Hou
,
Q.
Yang
,
Z.
Chen
,
Z.
Huang
,
G.
Liang
,
Y.
Zhao
,
L.
Ma
, and
M.
Li
,
ACS Nano
15
(
9
),
14631
(
2021
).
23.
Y.
Xie
,
M.
Naguib
,
V. N.
Mochalin
,
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Y.
Gogotsi
,
X.
Yu
,
K.-W.
Nam
,
X.-Q.
Yang
,
A. I.
Kolesnikov
, and
P. R. C.
Kent
,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
136
(
17
),
6385
(
2014
).
24.
G.
Li
,
L.
Tan
,
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Wu
, and
L.
Li
,
Langmuir
33
(
36
),
9000
(
2017
).
25.
V.
Nicolosi
,
M.
Chhowalla
,
M. G.
Kanatzidis
,
M. S.
Strano
, and
J. N.
Coleman
,
Science
340
(
6139
),
1226419
(
2013
).
26.
M. R.
Lukatskaya
,
O.
Mashtalir
,
C. E.
Ren
,
Y.
Dall’Agnese
,
P.
Rozier
,
P. L.
Taberna
,
M.
Naguib
,
P.
Simon
,
M. W.
Barsoum
, and
Y.
Gogotsi
,
Science
341
(
6153
),
1502
(
2013
).
27.
O.
Mashtalir
,
M.
Naguib
,
V. N.
Mochalin
,
Y.
Dall’Agnese
,
M.
Heon
,
M. W.
Barsoum
, and
Y.
Gogotsi
,
Nat. Commun.
4
(
1
),
1716
(
2013
).
28.
X.
Song
,
H.
Wang
,
S.
Jin
,
M.
Lv
,
Y.
Zhang
,
X.
Kong
,
H.
Xu
,
T.
Ma
,
X.
Luo
, and
H.
Tan
,
Nano Res.
13
,
1659
(
2020
).
29.
X.
Wang
and
Y.
Zhou
,
J. Mater. Chem.
12
(
3
),
455
(
2002
).
30.
I. M.
Joni
,
L.
Nulhakim
, and
C.
Panatarani
, “
Characteristics of TiO2 particles prepared by simple solution method using TiCl3 precursor
,”
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
(unpublished).
31.
S.
Rafiq
,
S.
Awan
,
R.-K.
Zheng
,
Z.
Wen
,
M.
Rani
,
D.
Akinwande
, and
S.
Rizwan
,
J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
497
,
165954
(
2020
).
32.
P.
Baviera
,
S.
Harel
,
H.
Garem
, and
M.
Grosbras
,
Scr. Mater.
44
(
12
),
2721
(
2001
).
33.
B. D.
Cullity
,
Answers to Problems: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction
(
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
,
1978
).
34.
W.
Zaw
,
S.
Oo
, and
H. H.
Win
, in
MERAL Portal
.
35.
I.
Habib
,
P.
Ferrer
,
S. C.
Ray
, and
K. I.
Ozoemena
,
J. Appl. Phys.
126
(
13
),
134301
(
2019
).
36.
Y.
Lu
,
D.
Li
, and
F.
Liu
,
Materials
15
(
1
),
307
(
2022
).
37.
J.
Halim
,
K. M.
Cook
,
M.
Naguib
,
P.
Eklund
,
Y.
Gogotsi
,
J.
Rosen
, and
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Appl. Surf. Sci.
362
,
406
(
2016
).
38.
V.
Natu
,
M.
Benchakar
,
C.
Canaff
,
A.
Habrioux
,
S.
Célérier
, and
M. W.
Barsoum
,
Matter
4
(
4
),
1224
(
2021
).
39.
T.
Koriukina
,
A.
Kotronia
,
J.
Halim
,
M.
Hahlin
,
J.
Rosen
,
K.
Edström
, and
L.
Nyholm
,
ACS Omega
7
(
45
),
41696
(
2022
).
40.
B.
Gou
,
L.
Wang
,
B.
Ye
,
C.
Meng
,
X.
Li
,
Q.
Chen
,
T.
Yang
, and
W.
Xu
,
J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron.
32
(
10
),
13081
(
2021
).
You do not currently have access to this content.