Coupled-perturbed equations for degenerate orbitals were implemented for third order density-functional tight binding, which allowed the use of Mulliken charges as reaction coordinates. The method was applied to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions in a model system and thoroughly tested for QM and QM/MM setups (i.e., coupled quantum and molecular mechanics). The performed enhanced sampling simulations were stable, and the obtained potentials of the mean force were able to address the thermodynamic and kinetic features of the reactions by showing the expected topography and energy barriers. Hence, this method has the potential to distinguish between concerted and sequential mechanisms and could next be applied to proton-coupled electron transfer reactions in more complex systems like proteins.
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28 March 2023
Research Article|
March 22 2023
Mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer described with QM/MM implementation of coupled-perturbed density-functional tight-binding
Special Collection:
Modern Semiempirical Electronic Structure Methods
Denis Maag
;
Denis Maag
(Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft)
1
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Josua Böser
;
Josua Böser
(Investigation, Visualization)
1
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Henryk A. Witek
;
Henryk A. Witek
(Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft)
2
Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
, Hsinchu, Taiwan
3
Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ben Hourahine
;
Ben Hourahine
(Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft)
4
Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde
, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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Marcus Elstner
;
Marcus Elstner
(Funding acquisition, Supervision)
1
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
5
Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Tomáš Kubař
Tomáš Kubař
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft)
1
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: tomas.kubar@kit.edu
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: tomas.kubar@kit.edu
J. Chem. Phys. 158, 124107 (2023)
Article history
Received:
November 30 2022
Accepted:
March 02 2023
Citation
Denis Maag, Josua Böser, Henryk A. Witek, Ben Hourahine, Marcus Elstner, Tomáš Kubař; Mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer described with QM/MM implementation of coupled-perturbed density-functional tight-binding. J. Chem. Phys. 28 March 2023; 158 (12): 124107. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0137122
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