The ability to monitor lithium deposition on the anodes in real time is becoming progressively more important due to the development of advanced anode technology. Given the fact that the detrimental Li deposits are always on the micron scale, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) happens to be a very effective and selective detection technology due to the skin effect. Here, quantitative in situ 1D EPR imaging is carried out with a magnetic field gradient to achieve a one-dimensional spatial resolution along the Li growth direction in a capillary cell. The quantification of Li deposits is carefully calibrated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl standard, and a processing method is presented to correct the double integration of the Dysonian line from the metallic Li. The Li deposition processes are compared in two different electrolytes. For the electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive, the fitting results of Dysonian lines suggest that the plated Li has a larger dimension of the microstructure and the stripping proceeds more uniformly. It thus accounts for the higher Coulombic efficiency in the electrolyte with FEC. In situ EPR imaging also suggests that the Sand’s capacity varies with the electrolytes. The forced growth of dendritic Li is carried out at a very large current density using a derivative operando EPR method to monitor the growth locus of the Li dendrites, indicating a tip-growing mechanism. This work can be instructive for those who are engaged in the study of electro-deposited lithium using in situ EPR imaging technology.
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7 November 2022
Research Article|
November 03 2022
Quantitative and space-resolved in situ 1D EPR imaging for the detection of metallic lithium deposits
Fushan Geng
;
Fushan Geng
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Guozhong Lu;
Guozhong Lu
(Data curation, Validation)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Yuxin Liao;
Yuxin Liao
(Data curation)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Ming Shen
;
Ming Shen
(Resources, Visualization)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Bingwen Hu
Bingwen Hu
a)
(Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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Fushan Geng
Guozhong Lu
Yuxin Liao
Ming Shen
Bingwen Hu
a)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University
, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Note: This paper is part of the JCP Special Topic on In situ and Operando Characterization.
J. Chem. Phys. 157, 174203 (2022)
Article history
Received:
September 09 2022
Accepted:
October 14 2022
Citation
Fushan Geng, Guozhong Lu, Yuxin Liao, Ming Shen, Bingwen Hu; Quantitative and space-resolved in situ 1D EPR imaging for the detection of metallic lithium deposits. J. Chem. Phys. 7 November 2022; 157 (17): 174203. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125080
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