A single nucleobase tunes nonradiative decay in a DNA-bound silver cluster

DNA strands are polymeric ligands that both protect and tune molecular-sized silver cluster chromophores. We studied single-stranded DNA C₄AC₄TC₃XT₄ with X = guanosine and inosine that form a green fluorescent Ag₁₀⁶⁺ cluster, but these two hosts are distinguished by their binding sites and the brightness of their Ag₁₀⁶⁺ adducts. The nucleobase subunits in these oligomers collectively coordinate this cluster, and fs time-resolved infrared spectra previously identified one point of contact between the C2–NH₂ of the X = guanosine, an interaction that is precluded for inosine. Furthermore, this single nucleobase controls the cluster fluorescence as the X = guanosine complex is ∼2.5× dimmer. We discuss the electronic relaxation in these two complexes using transient absorption spectroscopy in the time window 200 fs–400 µs. Three prominent features emerged: a ground state bleach, an excited state absorption, and a stimulated emission. Stimulated emission at the earliest delay time (200 fs) suggests that the emissive state is populated promptly following photoexcitation. Concurrently, the excited state decays and the ground state recovers, and these changes are ∼2× faster for the X = guanosine compared to the X = inosine cluster, paralleling their brightness difference. In contrast to similar radiative decay rates, the nonradiative decay rate is 7× higher with the X = guanosine vs inosine strand. A minor decay channel via a dark state is discussed. The possible correlation between the nonradiative decay and selective coordination with the X = guanosine/inosine suggests that specific nucleobase subunits within a DNA strand can modulate cluster–ligand interactions and, in turn, cluster brightness.