Trajectory surface hopping simulations of photochemical reactions are a powerful and increasingly important tool to unravel complex photochemical reactivity. Within surface hopping, electronic transitions are mimicked by stochastic hops between electronic potential surfaces. Thus, statistical sampling is an inescapable component of trajectory-surface-hopping-based nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methods. However, the standard sampling strategy inhibits computational reproducibility, limits predictability, and results in trajectories that are overly sensitive to numerical parameters like the time step. We describe an equivalent approach to sampling electronic transitions within fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) in which hops are decided in terms of the cumulative probability (FSSH-c) as opposed to the usual prescription, which is in terms of the instantaneous conditional probability (FSSH-i). FSSH-c is statistically equivalent to FSSH-i and can be implemented from trivial modifications to an existing surface hopping algorithm but has several key advantages: (i) a single trajectory is fully specified by just a handful of random numbers, (ii) all hopping decisions are independent of the time step such that the convergence behavior of individual trajectories can be explored, and (iii) alternative integral-based sampling schemes are enabled. In addition, we show that the conventional hopping probability overestimates the hopping rate and propose a simple scaling correction as a fix. Finally, we demonstrate these advantages numerically on model scattering problems.
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Surface hopping with cumulative probabilities: Even sampling and improved reproducibility
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7 November 2020
Research Article|
November 04 2020
Surface hopping with cumulative probabilities: Even sampling and improved reproducibility

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Shane M. Parker
;
Shane M. Parker
a)
Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University
, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Search for other works by this author on:
Colin J. Schiltz
Colin J. Schiltz
Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University
, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Shane M. Parker
a)
Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University
, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Colin J. Schiltz
Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University
, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
J. Chem. Phys. 153, 174109 (2020)
Article history
Received:
August 06 2020
Accepted:
October 15 2020
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A companion article has been published:
Photochemistry simulations dramatically improve reliability and reproducibility
Citation
Shane M. Parker, Colin J. Schiltz; Surface hopping with cumulative probabilities: Even sampling and improved reproducibility. J. Chem. Phys. 7 November 2020; 153 (17): 174109. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0024372
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