We report an investigation of structure and photophysics of thin layers of cibalackrot, a sturdy dye derived from indigo by double annulation at the central double bond. Evaporated layers contain up to three phases, two crystalline and one amorphous. Relative amounts of all three have been determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR reflectance spectroscopy. Initially, excited singlet state rapidly produces a high yield of a transient intermediate whose spectral properties are compatible with charge-transfer nature. This intermediate more slowly converts to a significant yield of triplet, which, however, does not exceed 100% and may well be produced by intersystem crossing rather than singlet fission. The yields were determined by transient absorption spectroscopy and corrected for effects of partial sample alignment by a simple generally applicable procedure. Formation of excimers was also observed. In order to obtain guidance for improving molecular packing by a minor structural modification, calculations by a simplified frontier orbital method were used to find all local maxima of singlet fission rate as a function of geometry of a molecular pair. The method was tested at 48 maxima by comparison with the ab initio Frenkel-Davydov exciton model.
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14 November 2019
Research Article|
November 14 2019
Structure and photophysics of indigoids for singlet fission: Cibalackrot
Special Collection:
Singlet Fission
Joseph L. Ryerson;
Joseph L. Ryerson
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
2
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Alexandr Zaykov;
Alexandr Zaykov
3
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
4
University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Luis E. Aguilar Suarez;
Luis E. Aguilar Suarez
5
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Remco W. A. Havenith
;
Remco W. A. Havenith
5
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
6
Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen
, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Brian R. Stepp;
Brian R. Stepp
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Paul I. Dron;
Paul I. Dron
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Jiří Kaleta;
Jiří Kaleta
3
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Akin Akdag;
Akin Akdag
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Simon J. Teat;
Simon J. Teat
7
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Thomas F. Magnera;
Thomas F. Magnera
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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John R. Miller;
John R. Miller
8
Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Zdeněk Havlas;
Zdeněk Havlas
3
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ria Broer
;
Ria Broer
5
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shirin Faraji;
Shirin Faraji
a)
5
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]; [email protected]; and [email protected]
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Josef Michl
;
Josef Michl
a)
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado
, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
3
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]; [email protected]; and [email protected]
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Justin C. Johnson
Justin C. Johnson
a)
2
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]; [email protected]; and [email protected]
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a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]; [email protected]; and [email protected]
Note: This paper is part of the JCP Special Collection on Singlet Fission.
J. Chem. Phys. 151, 184903 (2019)
Article history
Received:
July 30 2019
Accepted:
October 15 2019
Citation
Joseph L. Ryerson, Alexandr Zaykov, Luis E. Aguilar Suarez, Remco W. A. Havenith, Brian R. Stepp, Paul I. Dron, Jiří Kaleta, Akin Akdag, Simon J. Teat, Thomas F. Magnera, John R. Miller, Zdeněk Havlas, Ria Broer, Shirin Faraji, Josef Michl, Justin C. Johnson; Structure and photophysics of indigoids for singlet fission: Cibalackrot. J. Chem. Phys. 14 November 2019; 151 (18): 184903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121863
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