A time-resolved, phase-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) method to probe the excited state dynamics of interfacial species is presented. It is based on an interference measurement between the SHG from a sample and a local oscillator generated at a reference surface in which an entire interference pattern is recorded in a single shot by using a spatially varying phase unit comprised of a pair of wedges that sandwich the reference sample. In combination with 30 kHz modulation of the experiment, shot-to-shot pump-probe measurements are presented. The technique is characterised by measuring the time-resolved change in the amplitude and phase of the interference pattern due to the excited state dynamics of the dye malachite green at the air/water interface. The key attributes of the technique are its excellent phase stability and sensitivity, and relatively short data acquisition times.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
K. B.
Eisenthal
, Chem. Rev.
96
, 1343
(1996
).3.
G. L.
Richmond
, Chem. Rev.
102
, 2693
(2002
).4.
F. M.
Geiger
, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.
60
, 61
(2009
).5.
Y. R.
Shen
, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.
64
, 129
(2013
).6.
S.
Nihonyanagi
, S.
Yamaguchi
, and T.
Tahara
, Chem. Rev.
117
, 10665
(2017
).7.
R. M.
Corn
and D. A.
Higgins
, Chem. Rev.
94
, 107
(1994
).8.
P.
Guyot-Sionnest
, J. H.
Hunt
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
59
, 1597
(1987
).9.
J. H.
Hunt
, P.
Guyot-Sionnest
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
133
, 189
(1987
).10.
L. J.
Richter
, T. P.
Petralli-Mallow
, and J. C.
Stephenson
, Opt. Lett.
23
, 1594
(1998
).11.
J. A.
McGuire
, W.
Beck
, X.
Wei
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Opt. Lett.
24
, 1877
(1999
).12.
R. K.
Chang
, J.
Ducuing
, and N.
Bloembergen
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
15
, 6
(1965
).13.
K.
Kemnitz
, K.
Bhattacharyya
, J. M.
Hicks
, G. R.
Pinto
, B.
Eisenthal
, and T. F.
Heinz
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
131
, 285
(1986
).14.
T. F.
Heinz
, H. W. K.
Tom
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Phys. Rev. A
28
, 1883
(1983
).15.
H. W. K.
Tom
, T. F.
Heinz
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
51
, 1983
(1983
).16.
R.
Superfine
, J. Y.
Huang
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Opt. Lett.
15
, 1276
(1990
).17.
N.
Ji
, V.
Ostroverkhov
, C.-Y.
Chen
, and Y.-R.
Shen
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
129
, 10056
(2007
).18.
W.
Gan
, D.
Wu
, Z.
Zhang
, R.
Feng
, and H.
Wang
, J. Chem. Phys.
124
, 114705
(2006
).19.
S.
Nihonyanagi
, S.
Yamaguchi
, and T.
Tahara
, J. Chem. Phys.
130
, 204704
(2009
).20.
X.
Chen
, W.
Hua
, Z.
Huang
, and H. C.
Allen
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
132
, 11336
(2010
).21.
J. A.
McGuire
and Y. R.
Shen
, Science
313
, 1945
(2006
).22.
X.
Wei
and Y. R.
Shen
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 4799
(2001
).23.
H.
Arnolds
and M.
Bonn
, Surf. Sci. Rep.
65
, 45
(2010
).24.
D.
Zimdars
, J. I.
Dadap
, K. B.
Eisenthal
, and T. F.
Heinz
, J. Phys. Chem. B
103
, 3425
(1999
).25.
A.
Castro
, E. V.
Sitzmann
, D.
Zhang
, and K. B.
Eisenthal
, J. Phys. Chem.
95
, 6752
(1991
).26.
R.
Antoine
, A. A.
Tamburello-Luca
, P.
Hébert
, P. F.
Brevet
, and H. H.
Girault
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
288
, 138
(1998
).27.
J.
Sung
and D.
Kim
, J. Phys. Chem. C
111
, 1783
(2007
).28.
X.
Shi
, E.
Borguet
, A. N.
Tarnovsky
, and K. B.
Eisenthal
, Chem. Phys.
205
, 167
(1996
).29.
D. M.
Sagar
, C. D.
Bain
, and J. R. R.
Verlet
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
132
, 6917
(2010
).30.
P. J.
Nowakowski
, D. A.
Woods
, C. D.
Bain
, and J. R. R.
Verlet
, J. Chem. Phys.
142
, 084201
(2015
).31.
G.
Lüpke
, G.
Marowsky
, and R.
Steinhoff
, Appl. Phys. B: Photophys. Laser Chem.
49
, 283
(1989
).32.
I. V.
Stiopkin
, H. D.
Jayathilake
, A. N.
Bordenyuk
, and A. V.
Benderskii
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
130
, 2271
(2008
).33.
P. J.
Nowakowski
, D. A.
Woods
, and J. R. R.
Verlet
, J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
7
, 4079
(2016
).34.
R.
Stolle
, G.
Marowsky
, E.
Schwarzberg
, and G.
Berkovic
, Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt.
63
, 491
(1996
).35.
F.
Kanal
, S.
Keiber
, R.
Eck
, and T.
Brixner
, Opt. Express
22
, 16965
(2014
).36.
F.
Preda
, V.
Kumar
, F.
Crisafi
, D. G. F.
del Valle
, G.
Cerullo
, and D.
Polli
, Opt. Lett.
41
, 2970
(2016
).37.
B. I.
Greene
, R. M.
Hochstrasser
, and R. B.
Weisman
, J. Chem. Phys.
70
, 1247
(1979
).38.
C. C.
Gradinaru
, J. T. M.
Kennis
, E.
Papagiannakis
, I. H. M.
van Stokkum
, R. J.
Cogdell
, G. R.
Fleming
, R. A.
Niederman
, and R.
van Grondelle
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
98
, 2364
(2001
).39.
S. A.
Kovalenko
, N. P.
Ernsting
, and J.
Ruthmann
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
258
, 445
(1996
).40.
A. C.
Bhasikuttan
, A. V.
Sapre
, and T.
Okada
, J. Phys. Chem. A
107
, 3030
(2003
).41.
D. J.
Erskine
, A. J.
Taylor
, and C. L.
Tang
, J. Chem. Phys.
80
, 5338
(1984
).42.
J.
Mishra
, P. K.
Mishra
, and P. K.
Khare
, AIP Conf. Proc.
1349
, 561
–562
(2011
).43.
A.
Punzi
, G.
Martin-Gassin
, J.
Grilj
, and E.
Vauthey
, J. Phys. Chem. C
113
, 11822
(2009
).44.
P. L.
Geissler
, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.
64
, 317
(2013
).45.
M. S.
Fee
, K.
Danzmann
, and S.
Chu
, Phys. Rev. A
45
, 4911
(1992
).46.
K.
Inoue
, S.
Nihonyanagi
, P. C.
Singh
, S.
Yamaguchi
, and T.
Tahara
, J. Chem. Phys.
142
, 212431
(2015
).47.
P.
Mathi
, B. N.
Jagatap
, and J. A.
Mondal
, J. Phys. Chem. C
121
, 7993
(2017
).48.
K.
Matsuzaki
, R.
Kusaka
, S.
Nihonyanagi
, S.
Yamaguchi
, T.
Nagata
, and T.
Tahara
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
138
, 7551
(2016
).49.
J. A.
Mondal
, S.
Nihonyanagi
, S.
Yamaguchi
, and T.
Tahara
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
132
, 10656
(2010
).50.
S.
Nihonyanagi
, J. A.
Mondal
, S.
Yamaguchi
, and T.
Tahara
, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.
64
, 579
(2013
).51.
P. A.
Covert
, W. R.
FitzGerald
, and D. K.
Hore
, J. Chem. Phys.
137
, 014201
(2012
).52.
H.
Vanselous
and P. B.
Petersen
, J. Phys. Chem. C
120
, 8175
(2016
).53.
I. V.
Stiopkin
, H. D.
Jayathilake
, C.
Weeraman
, and A. V.
Benderskii
, J. Chem. Phys.
132
, 234503
(2010
).© 2018 Author(s).
2018
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.