In situ Raman and X-ray diffraction studies on the high pressure and temperature stability of methane hydrate up to 55 GPa

High-temperature and high-pressure experiments were performed under 2–55 GPa and 298–653 K using in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction combined with externally heated diamond anvil cells to investigate the stability of methane hydrate. Prior to in situ experiments, the typical C–H vibration modes of methane hydrate and their pressure dependence were measured at room temperature using Raman spectroscopy to make a clear discrimination between methane hydrate and solid methane which forms through the decomposition of methane hydrate at high temperature. The sequential in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that methane hydrate survives up to 633 K and 40.3 GPa and then decomposes into solid methane and ice VII above the conditions. The decomposition curve of methane hydrate estimated by the present experiments is >200 K lower than the melting curves of solid methane and ice VII, and moderately increases with increasing pressure. Our result suggests that although methane hydrate may be an important candidate for major constituents of cool exoplanets and other icy bodies, it is unlikely to be present in the ice mantle of Neptune and Uranus, where the temperature is expected to be far beyond the decomposition temperatures.