To investigate whether a non-exponential relaxation always indicates 2-4 nm-size regions of dynamic heterogeneity, we studied the kinetic freezing and unfreezing of structural fluctuations involving the rotational modes in orientationally disordered crystal (ODIC) of levoglucosan by calorimetry. The heat capacity, Cp, of levoglucosan measured over the 203 K–463 K range shows that its low-temperature, orientationally ordered crystal (ORC) transforms to ODIC phase on heating, which then melts to a low viscosity liquid. On cooling, the melt transforms to the ODIC which then does not transform to the ORC. Instead, the ODIC supercools. Fluctuations resulting from hindered (random) rotations of levoglucosan molecules confined to the lattice sites and from their conformational changes become progressively slower on cooling and an orientational glass (O-G) forms showing the sigmoid shape decrease in Cp characteristic of structural arrest like that of a glass. On heating the O-G state, rotational fluctuations begin to contribute to Cp at To-g of 247.8 K and there is an overshoot in Cp and thermal hysteresis (characteristic of physical ageing) in the temperature range of 230–260 K. The non-exponential relaxation parameter, βcal, determined by fitting the Cp data to a non-exponential, nonlinear model for relaxation of a glass is 0.60, which is similar to βcal found for polymers, molecular liquids, and metal-alloy melts in which Brownian diffusion occurs. Such βcal < 1 are seen to indicate 2-4 nm-size dynamically heterogeneous domains in an ultraviscous liquid near the glass formation, but its value of 0.60 for ODIC levoglucosan, in which Brownian diffusion does not occur, would not indicate such domains. Despite the lack of Brownian diffusion, we discuss these findings in the potential energy landscape paradigm. Levoglucosan melt, which is believed to vitrify and to stabilize a protein’s disordered structure, did not supercool even at 200 K/min cooling rate. The findings have consequences for reports on the dielectric relaxation studies that indicated that levoglucosan melt supercools to form a structural glass of Tg of ∼245 K, and for computer simulation of its dynamics. Levoglucosan is the ninth ODIC that forms O-G. It does so more easily than the other eight.
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14 March 2015
Research Article|
March 09 2015
Structural fluctuations and orientational glass of levoglucosan—High stability against ordering and absence of structural glass
Elpidio Tombari
;
Elpidio Tombari
1
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR
, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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G. P. Johari
G. P. Johari
a)
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
McMaster University
, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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1
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR
, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
McMaster University
, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
a)
Email: [email protected]
J. Chem. Phys. 142, 104501 (2015)
Article history
Received:
November 21 2014
Accepted:
February 17 2015
Citation
Elpidio Tombari, G. P. Johari; Structural fluctuations and orientational glass of levoglucosan—High stability against ordering and absence of structural glass. J. Chem. Phys. 14 March 2015; 142 (10): 104501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4913759
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