In this paper, we investigate uniformly dispersed size-selected Pdn clusters (n = 4, 10, and 17) on alumina supports. We study the changes of clustered Pd atoms under oxidizing and reducing (O2 and CO, respectively) conditions in situ using ambient pressure XPS. The behavior of Pd in the clusters is quite different from that of Pd foil under the same conditions. For all Pd clusters, we observe only one Pd peak. The binding energy of this Pd 3d peak is ∼1-1.4 eV higher than that of metallic Pd species and changes slightly in CO and O2 environments. On the Pd foil however many different Pd species co-exist on the surface and change their oxidation states under different conditions. We find that the Pd atoms in direct contact with Al2O3 differ in oxidation state from the surface Pd atoms in a foil under reaction conditions. Compared to previous literature, we find that Pd 3d peak positions are greatly influenced by the different types of Al2O3 supports due to the combination of both initial and final state effects.
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7 June 2013
Research Article|
June 04 2013
Oxidation and reduction of size-selected subnanometer Pd clusters on Al2O3 surface
Bao-Hua Mao;
Bao-Hua Mao
a)
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices and Soochow University-Western University Joint Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM),
Soochow University
, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Rui Chang;
Rui Chang
a)
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
3State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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Sungsik Lee;
Sungsik Lee
4X-ray Science Division,
Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Stephanus Axnanda;
Stephanus Axnanda
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ethan Crumlin;
Ethan Crumlin
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Michael E. Grass;
Michael E. Grass
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Sui-Dong Wang;
Sui-Dong Wang
b)
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices and Soochow University-Western University Joint Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM),
Soochow University
, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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Stefan Vajda;
Stefan Vajda
5Materials Science Division,
Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
6
Nanoscience and Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
7Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Yale University
, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Bao-Hua Mao
1,2,a)
Rui Chang
2,3,a)
Sungsik Lee
4
Stephanus Axnanda
2
Ethan Crumlin
2
Michael E. Grass
2
Sui-Dong Wang
1,b)
Stefan Vajda
5,6,7
Zhi Liu
2,b)
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices and Soochow University-Western University Joint Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM),
Soochow University
, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
2Advanced Light Source,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
3State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
4X-ray Science Division,
Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
5Materials Science Division,
Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
6
Nanoscience and Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory
, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
7Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Yale University
, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
a)
B.-H. Mao and R. Chang contributed equally to this work.
b)
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic addresses: [email protected] and [email protected]
J. Chem. Phys. 138, 214304 (2013)
Article history
Received:
February 13 2013
Accepted:
May 08 2013
Citation
Bao-Hua Mao, Rui Chang, Sungsik Lee, Stephanus Axnanda, Ethan Crumlin, Michael E. Grass, Sui-Dong Wang, Stefan Vajda, Zhi Liu; Oxidation and reduction of size-selected subnanometer Pd clusters on Al2O3 surface. J. Chem. Phys. 7 June 2013; 138 (21): 214304. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4807488
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