Atomic contributions to bond dissociation energies in aliphatic hydrocarbons

This paper explores the atomic contributions to the electronic vibrationless bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) at $0K$ of the central C–C bond in straight-chain alkanes $(CnH2n+2)$ and trans-alkenes $(CnH2n)$ with an even number of carbon atoms, where $n=2$⁠, 4, 6, 8. This is achieved using the partitioning of the total molecular energy according to the quantum theory of atoms in molecules by comparing the atomic energies in the intact molecule and its dissociation products. The study is conducted at the $MP2(full)∕6-311++G(d,p)$ level of theory. It is found that the bulk of the electronic energy necessary to sever a single C–C bond is not supplied by these two carbon atoms (the $α$-carbons) but instead by the atoms directly bonded to them. Thus, the burden of the electronic part of the BDE is primarily carried by the two hydrogens attached to each of the $α$-carbons and by the $β$-carbons. The effect drops off rapidly with distance along the hydrocarbon chain. The situation is more complex in the case of the double bond in alkenes, since here the burden is shared between the $α$-carbons as well as the atoms directly bonded to them, namely, again the $α$-hydrogens and the $β$-carbons. These observations may lead to a better understanding of the bond dissociation process and should be taken into account when locally dense basis sets are introduced to improve the accuracy of BDE calculations.