A re-parameterization of the standard TIP4P water model for use with Ewald techniques is introduced, providing an overall global improvement in water properties relative to several popular nonpolarizable and polarizable water potentials. Using high precision simulations, and careful application of standard analytical corrections, we show that the new TIP4P-Ew potential has a density maximum at ∼1 °C, and reproduces experimental bulk-densities and the enthalpy of vaporization, ΔHvap, from −37.5 to 127 °C at 1 atm with an absolute average error of less than 1%. Structural properties are in very good agreement with x-ray scattering intensities at temperatures between 0 and 77 °C and dynamical properties such as self-diffusion coefficient are in excellent agreement with experiment. The parameterization approach used can be easily generalized to rehabilitate any water force field using available experimental data over a range of thermodynamic points.

1.
J. W.
Pitera
and
W. C.
Swope
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
100
,
7587
(
2003
).
2.
P. J.
Rossky
and
Y. K.
Cheng
,
Nature (London)
392
,
696
(
1998
).
3.
P. P.
Ewald
,
Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)
64
,
253
(
1921
).
4.
L.
Onsager
,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
58
,
1486
(
1936
).
5.
S. W.
De Leeuw
,
Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
373
,
27
(
1980
).
6.
T.
Darden
,
D.
York
, and
L.
Pedersen
,
J. Chem. Phys.
98
,
10089
(
1993
).
7.
M.
Lisal
,
J.
Kolafa
, and
I.
Nezbeda
,
J. Chem. Phys.
117
,
8892
(
2002
).
8.
J. W. Pitera, K. Armstrong, and W. C. Swope (in preparation).
9.
D.
van der Spoel
,
P. J.
van Maaren
, and
H. J. C.
Berendsen
,
J. Chem. Phys.
108
,
10220
(
1998
).
10.
R. H.
Zhou
,
B. J.
Berne
, and
R.
Germain
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
96
,
14931
(
2001
).
11.
P. J.
Steinbach
and
B. R.
Brooks
,
Chem. Phys. Lett.
226
,
447
(
1994
).
12.
H. J. C. Berendsen, J. P. M. Postma, W. F. van Gunsteren, and J. Hermans, in Interaction Models for Water in Relation to Protein Hydration. In Intermolecular Forces, edited by B. Pullmann (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1981), p. 331.
13.
H. J. C.
Berendsen
,
J. R.
Grigera
, and
T. P.
Straatsma
,
J. Phys. Chem.
91
,
6269
(
1987
).
14.
W. L.
Jorgensen
,
J. D.
Madura
,
R. W.
Impey
, and
M. L.
Klein
,
J. Chem. Phys.
79
,
926
(
1983
).
15.
A.
Glaettli
,
X.
Daura
, and
W. F.
van Gunsteren
,
J. Chem. Phys.
116
,
9811
(
2002
).
16.
A.
Glaettli
,
X.
Daura
, and
W. F.
van Gunsteren
,
J. Comput. Chem.
24
,
1087
(
2003
).
17.
M. W.
Mahoney
and
W. L.
Jorgenson
,
J. Chem. Phys.
112
,
8910
(
2000
).
18.
B.
Chen
,
J.
Xing
, and
J. I.
Siepmann
,
J. Phys. Chem. B
104
,
2391
(
2000
).
19.
S. W.
Rick
,
S. J.
Stuart
, and
B. J.
Berne
,
J. Chem. Phys.
101
,
6141
(
1994
).
20.
C. J.
Burnham
and
S. S.
Xantheas
,
J. Chem. Phys.
116
,
1479
(
2002
).
21.
H.
Yu
,
T.
Hansson
, and
W. F.
van Gunsteren
,
J. Chem. Phys.
118
,
221
(
2003
).
22.
J.
Jeon
,
A. E.
Lefohn
, and
G. A.
Voth
,
J. Chem. Phys.
118
,
7504
(
2003
).
23.
P.
Ren
and
J. W.
Ponder
,
J. Phys. Chem. B
107
,
5933
(
2003
).
24.
G.
Lamoureux
,
A. D.
MacKerell
, Jr.
, and
Benoit
Roux
,
J. Chem. Phys.
119
,
5185
(
2003
).
25.
Alex MacKerell, David Spellmeyer, Wendy Cornell, James Caldwell, Chris Bailey (personal communication).
26.
W. S.
Benedict
,
N.
Gailar
, and
E. K.
Plyer
,
J. Chem. Phys.
24
,
1139
(
1956
).
27.
T. A.
Andrea
,
W. C.
Swope
, and
H. C.
Andersen
,
J. Chem. Phys.
79
,
4576
(
1983
).
28.
M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids, 1st ed. (Clarendon, Oxford, 1987)
29.
H. C.
Andersen
,
J. Chem. Phys.
72
,
2384
(
1980
).
30.
W. C.
Swope
,
H. C.
Andersen
,
H. P.
Berens
, and
K. R.
Wilson
,
J. Chem. Phys.
76
,
637
(
1982
).
31.
K. A.
Feenstra
,
B.
Hess
, and
H. J. C.
Berendsen
,
J. Comput. Chem.
20
,
786
(
1999
).
32.
V.
Kraeutler
,
W. F.
van Gunsteren
, and
P. H.
Huenenberger
,
J. Comput. Chem.
22
,
501
508
(
2001
).
33.
See Appendix.
34.
amu=atomic mass unit.
35.
1999 CODATA formulation (see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html)
36.
IUPAC Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 2423 (1994).
37.
See EPAPS Document No. E-JCPSA6-512415 for TIP4P-Ew supplemental material.
A direct link to this document may be found in the online article’s HTML reference section. The document may also be reached via the EPAPS homepage (http://www.aip.org/pubservs/epaps.html) or from ftp.aip.org in the directory /epaps. See the EPAPS homepage for more information.
38.
M. Z.
Hernandes
,
J. B. P.
da Silva
, and
R. L.
Longo
,
J. Comput. Chem.
24
,
1
(
2003
).
39.
J. R. Taylor, Introduction to Error Analysis, 2nd ed. (University Science Books, Sausalito, 1997), Vol. 1, Chap. 8.
40.
W.
Wagner
and
A.
Pruss
,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
31
,
387
(
2003
).
41.
G. S.
Kell
,
J. Chem. Eng. Data
20
,
97
(
1975
).
42.
The reference state for the gas phase at any given temperature T is the real gas.
43.
J. P. M. Postma, A molecular dynamics study of water. PhD thesis, University of Groningen. the Netherlands (1985).
44.
Fundamental vibrational frequencies ν (cm−1);
from infrared (IR) spectra of water gas and liquid from Ref. 43: intra-molecular(gas): {3755.7, 3656.6, 1594.6};
intra-molecular(liquid): {3490, 3280, 1645};
inter-molecular(liquid): {800, 500, 200, 50}.
45.
The experimental values used for μgas and αgas are: μgas=1.854 989 D and αgas=1.663310−40Fm2 as recommended by IAPWS;
Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of Water (2001).
46.
W. L.
Jorgensen
and
J. D.
Madura
,
Mol. Phys.
56
,
1381
(
1985
).
47.
G. N. Lewis and M. Randall, Thermodynamics, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961), Chap. 16.
48.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th ed., edited by D. R. Lide (CRC, Boca Raton, 1994), Vol. 1, Chap. 6.
49.
D. G.
Archer
,
J. Phys. Chem. B
104
,
8563
(
2000
).
50.
M.
Neumann
,
Mol. Phys.
50
,
841
(
1983
).
51.
W. A. B.
Evans
and
J. G.
Powles
,
Mol. Phys.
45
,
695
(
1982
).
52.
A. D.
Buckingham
,
Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
238
,
235
(
1956
).
53.
D. P.
Fernandez
,
A. R. H.
Goodwin
,
E. W.
Lemmon
,
J. M.
Levelt Singers
, and
R. C.
Williams
,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
26
,
1125
(
1997
).
54.
G.
Hura
,
D.
Russo
,
R. M.
Glaeser
, and
T.
Head-Gordon
,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
5
,
1981
(
2003
).
55.
P. E.
Smith
and
W. F.
van Gunsteren
,
J. Chem. Phys.
100
,
3169
(
1994
).
56.
J. P.
Ryckaert
,
G.
Ciccotti
, and
H. J. C.
Berendsen
,
J. Comput. Phys.
23
,
327
(
1977
).
57.
H. C.
Andersen
,
J. Comput. Phys.
52
,
24
(
1983
).
58.
K. T.
Gillen
,
D. C.
Douglas
, and
M. J. R.
Hoch
,
J. Chem. Phys.
57
,
5117
(
1972
).
59.
R.
Mills
,
J. Phys. Chem.
77
,
685
(
1970
).
60.
W. L.
Jorgensen
and
C.
Jenson
,
J. Comput. Chem.
19
,
1179
(
1998
).
61.
M. W.
Mahoney
and
W. L.
Jorgenson
,
J. Chem. Phys.
114
,
363
(
2001
).
62.
K.
Watanabe
and
M. L.
Klein
,
Chem. Phys.
131
,
157
(
1989
).
This content is only available via PDF.

Supplementary Material

You do not currently have access to this content.