We present a hybrid method for molecular dynamics simulations of solutes in complex solvents as represented, for example, by substrates within enzymes. The method combines a quantum mechanical (QM) description of the solute with a molecular mechanics (MM) approach for the solvent. The QM fragment of a simulation system is treated by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) based on plane-wave expansions. Long-range Coulomb interactions within the MM fragment and between the QM and the MM fragment are treated by a computationally efficient fast multipole method. For the description of covalent bonds between the two fragments, we introduce the scaled position link atom method (SPLAM), which removes the shortcomings of related procedures. The various aspects of the hybrid method are scrutinized through test calculations on liquid water, the water dimer, ethane and a small molecule related to the retinal Schiff base. In particular, the extent to which vibrational spectra obtained by DFT for the solute can be spoiled by the lower quality force field of the solvent is checked, including cases in which the two fragments are covalently joined. The results demonstrate that our QM/MM hybrid method is especially well suited for the vibrational analysis of molecules in condensed phase.
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1 June 1999
Research Article|
June 01 1999
A hybrid method for solutes in complex solvents: Density functional theory combined with empirical force fields
M. Eichinger;
M. Eichinger
Institut für Medizinische Optik, Theoretische Biophysik, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 München, Germany
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P. Tavan;
P. Tavan
Institut für Medizinische Optik, Theoretische Biophysik, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 München, Germany
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J. Hutter;
J. Hutter
Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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M. Parrinello
M. Parrinello
Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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M. Eichinger
P. Tavan
J. Hutter
M. Parrinello
Institut für Medizinische Optik, Theoretische Biophysik, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 München, Germany
J. Chem. Phys. 110, 10452–10467 (1999)
Article history
Received:
November 05 1998
Accepted:
March 11 1999
Citation
M. Eichinger, P. Tavan, J. Hutter, M. Parrinello; A hybrid method for solutes in complex solvents: Density functional theory combined with empirical force fields. J. Chem. Phys. 1 June 1999; 110 (21): 10452–10467. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479049
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