Experiments have been performed to enhance the Jurkat cell-killing effects of the cancer chemotherapy agent bleomycin using electric field pulses of peak electric field strength, duration, and nanosecond rise time. Dramatic increases in cell killing (factors of ) were observed with a low dose of bleomycin after treatment with trains of ten or more pulses at all electric field strengths tested, compared to pulse-only or drug-only treatments. Cell death occurred within for treated cells, with some evidence of membrane phosphatidylserine externalization at postexposure but no significant increase in caspase activity, indicating that the primary mode of cell death was not caspase-mediated apoptosis.
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