We present a study of controlled n-type doping in molecular organic semiconductors: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is doped by cosublimation with the donor molecule bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene. Electrical parameters are deduced from temperaturedependent measurements of the conductivity and the thermopower for various dopant concentrations. The results are compared to the predictions of a standard model commonly used for crystalline semiconductors. The Fermi level shifts towards the transport level, the conductivity is increased, and the mobility decreases with the doping ratio.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
N.
El-Khatib
, B.
Boudjema
, G.
Guillaud
, M.
Maitrot
, and H.
Chermette
, J. Less-Common Met.
143
, 101
(1988
).4.
M.
Pfeiffer
, A.
Beyer
, T.
Fritz
, and K.
Leo
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
73
, 3202
(1998
).5.
A.
Yamamori
, C.
Adachi
, T.
Koyama
, and Y.
Taniguchi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
72
, 2147
(1998
).6.
M. Pfeiffer, A. Beyer, B. Plönnigs, A. Nollau, T. Fritz, and K. Leo, Solar Energy Mater. Sol. Cells (submitted).
7.
J.
Blochwitz
, M.
Pfeiffer
, T.
Fritz
, and K.
Leo
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
73
, 729
(1998
).8.
M. Hiramoto, Y. Kishigami, and M. Yokoyama, Chem. Lett. 119 (1990).
9.
M.
Maitrot
, G.
Guillaud
, B.
Boudjema
, J. J.
André
, and J.
Simon
, J. Appl. Phys.
60
, 2396
(1986
).10.
S. E.
Tunney
, J.
Suenaga
, and J. K.
Stille
, Macromolecules
16
, 1398
(1983
).11.
12.
A. R.
Brown
, D. M.
de Leeuw
, E. J.
Lous
, and E. E.
Havinga
, Synth. Met.
66
, 257
(1994
).13.
J. G.
Laquindanum
, H. E.
Katz
, A.
Dodabalapur
, and A. J.
Lovinger
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
118
, 11331
(1996
).14.
15.
We used the semiempirical method PM3 as implemented in HYPERCHEM™ 5.1 of HyperCube, Inc. for the calculation of the geometry and the orbital energies. It was assumed, that the crystal influence on the energies of NTCDA and PTCDA is the same.
16.
A. J.
Ikushima
, T.
Kanno
, S.
Yoshida
, and A.
Maeda
, Thin Solid Films
273
, 35
(1996
).17.
18.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
2000
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.