An attractive‐mode atomic force microscope is described in which the cantilever is held orthogonally with respect to the sample. The technique utilizes a linear differential optical detection scheme for the cantilever vibrations. In this design, the cantilever end is not bent to form a tip. This geometry substantially reduces the possibility of spontaneous jump‐to‐contact of the tip onto the sample, allowing the tip/sample separation to be set essentially to any desired value. Relatively large‐ and small‐scale results are presented on imaging a smear of red blood cells, demonstrating the resolution and sensitivity.
REFERENCES
1.
G.
Binning
, C. F.
Quate
, and Ch.
Gerber
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
56
, 930
(1986
).2.
Y.
Martin
, C. C.
Williams
, and H. K.
Wickramasinghe
, J. Appl. Phys.
61
, 4723
(1987
).3.
G. M. McClelland, R. Erlandsson, and S. Chiang, in Review of Progress in NDE, edited by D. O. Thompson and D. E. Chimenti (Plenum, New York, 1987), Vol. 6B, p. 1307.
4.
5.
D.
Sarid
, D.
Iams
, and V.
Weissenberger
, Opt. Lett.
13
, 1057
(1988
).6.
D.
Rugar
, H. M.
Mamin
, R.
Erlandsson
, J. E.
Stern
, and B. D.
Terris
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
59
, 2337
(1988
).7.
C.
Schonenberger
and S. F.
Alvarado
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
60
, 313
(1989
).8.
G.
Neubauer
, S. R.
Cohen
, G. M.
McClelland
, D.
Horne
, and C. M.
Mate
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
61
, 2296
(1990
).9.
10.
S.
Akamine
, R. C.
Barrett
, and C. F.
Quate
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
57
, 316
(1990
).11.
T. R.
Albrecht
, S.
Akamine
, T. E.
Carver
, and C. F.
Quate
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
8
, 3386
(1990
).12.
P.
Grutter
, Th.
Jung
, H.
Heinzelmann
, A.
Wadas
, E.
Meyer
, H. R.
Hidber
, and H. J.
Guntherodt
, J. Appl. Phys.
67
, 1437
(1990
).13.
O.
Wolter
, Th.
Bayer
, and J.
Gerschner
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
9
, 1353
(1991
).14.
15.
16.
J. Case and A. H. Chilver, Strength of Materials and Structures, 2nd ed. (Arnold, London, 1971), p. 149.
17.
D. L.
Lessor
, J. S.
Hartman
, and R. L.
Gordon
, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
69
, 357
(1979
).18.
19.
20.
D. W.
Abraham
, C. C.
Williams
, and H. K.
Wickramasinghe
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
53
, 1503
(1988
).21.
C. M.
Mate
, G. M.
McClelland
, R.
Erlandsson
, and S.
Chiang
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
59
, 1942
(1987
).22.
R.
Erlandsson
, G.
Hadziioannou
, C. M.
Mate
, G. M.
McClelland
, and S.
Chiang
, J. Chem. Phys.
89
, 5190
(1988
).23.
24.
25.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 1992 American Institute of Physics.
1992
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.