Laser direct writing of efficient 3D TiO₂ nano-photocatalysts

The increasing demand for functional nanodevices in sustainable energy applications necessitates the development of innovative approaches. In this study, we present the fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional (3D) structures coated with titanium dioxide (TiO $2$⁠) nanorods (NRs). These novel devices are created through the integration of four distinct techniques, multi-photon lithography, post-thermal treatment, pulsed laser deposition, and an aqueous chemical growth, enabling their unique properties and functionalities in photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performance of the 3D devices is evaluated through the degradation of organic pollutants, such as methylene blue and stearic acid, showcasing their efficiency in reducing pollutant concentrations. The devices demonstrate a remarkable decomposition coefficient (⁠ $k=0.059 min − 1$⁠), highlighting their enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, we propose a rapid fabrication technique using 3D holographic printing to create large-area TiO $2$-coated micro-structured photocatalytic devices at the mesoscale regime. This approach increases the active surface area, further enhancing the devices’ photocatalytic capabilities. By combining additive micro-manufacturing, TiO $2$ NR coating, and holographic printing, our work introduces a promising avenue for the development of advanced nanodevices with superior photocatalytic performance in sustainable energy applications.