Freeze- and spray-dried inclusion complexes (ICs) of chlorhexidine (CHX) in β-cyclodextrin were characterized by Fourier transform (FT)-Raman, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and photoacoustic spectroscopy. The active Raman modes of CHX were simulated using the density functional theory. By considering semiempirical calculations, it was observed that the guest penetrates on the wider rim of the host in a proportion of 1:2. We observe from the FT-Raman analysis that the drying method influences the CHX:β-cyclodextrin conformational adjustment by the rearrangement of hydrophilic biguanides of the guest. The photoacoustic spectroscopy results inferred that the freeze-drying method provided a better inclusion due to a lower interaction between phenyl groups and hexamethylene of CHX. The freeze-dried IC achieved a faster dissolution pattern. These ICs provided immediate drug dissolution profiles in an aqueous medium better than a pure drug. The release profiles of freeze- and spray-dried ICs were explained by Fickian diffusion. These data support further planning and development projects of novel immediate release systems based on CHX.
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21 January 2023
Research Article|
January 18 2023
Chlorhexidine/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by freeze- and spray-drying: Characterization and behavior in aqueous system
Special Collection:
Special Collection Recognizing Women in Applied Physics
Andressa Novatski
;
Andressa Novatski
a)
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: anovatski2@gmail.com
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Mauricio Ap. Ribeiro
;
Mauricio Ap. Ribeiro
(Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft)
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Alexandre Camilo, Jr.
;
Alexandre Camilo, Jr.
(Investigation, Methodology)
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Ervin Kaminski Lenzi
;
Ervin Kaminski Lenzi
(Investigation, Methodology)
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Amanda M. Urban
;
Amanda M. Urban
(Investigation, Methodology)
2
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Amanda Schoeffel
;
Amanda Schoeffel
(Investigation, Methodology)
3
Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Vanessa M. Urban
;
Vanessa M. Urban
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
3
Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Karin H. Neppelenbroek
;
Karin H. Neppelenbroek
(Investigation, Methodology)
4
Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo
, Bauru, 17012-901 SP, Brazil
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Carlos Jacinto
;
Carlos Jacinto
(Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology)
5
Group of Nano-Photonics and Imaging, Instituto de Física—Universidade Federal de Alagoas
, Maceió, 57072-900 AL, Brazil
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Francielle Sato
;
Francielle Sato
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation)
6
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá
, Maringá, 87020-900 PR, Brazil
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Nelson G. C. Astrath
;
Nelson G. C. Astrath
(Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft)
6
Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá
, Maringá, 87020-900 PR, Brazil
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Loanda A. C. Rudnik
;
Loanda A. C. Rudnik
(Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
2
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Carla C. Kanunfre
;
Carla C. Kanunfre
(Investigation, Methodology)
7
Departmento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Jessica Mendes Nadal
;
Jessica Mendes Nadal
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
2
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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Paulo V. Farago
Paulo V. Farago
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
2
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 PR, Brazil
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: anovatski2@gmail.com
Note: This paper is part of the Special Collection Recognizing Women in Applied Physics.
J. Appl. Phys. 133, 034902 (2023)
Article history
Received:
August 31 2022
Accepted:
December 12 2022
Citation
Andressa Novatski, Mauricio Ap. Ribeiro, Alexandre Camilo, Ervin Kaminski Lenzi, Amanda M. Urban, Amanda Schoeffel, Vanessa M. Urban, Karin H. Neppelenbroek, Carlos Jacinto, Francielle Sato, Nelson G. C. Astrath, Loanda A. C. Rudnik, Carla C. Kanunfre, Jessica Mendes Nadal, Paulo V. Farago; Chlorhexidine/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by freeze- and spray-drying: Characterization and behavior in aqueous system. J. Appl. Phys. 21 January 2023; 133 (3): 034902. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0123709
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