Advantages of optical modulation in terahertz imaging for study of graphene layers

It was demonstrated that optical modulation together with simultaneous terahertz (THz) imaging application enables an increase in contrast by an order of magnitude, thereby illustrating the technique as a convenient contactless tool for characterization of graphene deposited on high-resistivity silicon substrates. It was shown that the single- and double-layer graphene can be discriminated and characterized via variation of THz image contrast using a discrete frequency in a continuous wave mode. Modulation depth of 45% has been reached, and the contrast variation from 0.16 up to 0.23 is exposed under laser illumination for the single- and double-layer graphene, respectively. The technique was applied in the development and investigation of graphene-based optical diffractive elements for THz imaging systems.