A high-throughput experimental setup was used to characterize initiation threshold and growth to detonation in the explosives hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The experiment sequentially launched an array of laser-driven flyers to shock samples arranged in a 96-well microplate geometry, with photonic Doppler velocimetry diagnostics to characterize flyer velocity and particle velocity at the explosive–substrate interface. Vapor-deposited films of HNS and PETN were used to provide numerous samples with various thicknesses, enabling characterization of the evolution of growth to detonation. One-dimensional hydrocode simulations were performed with reactions disabled to illustrate where the experimental data deviate from the predicted inert response. Prompt initiation was observed in 144 μm thick HNS films at flyer velocities near 3000 m/s and in 125 μm thick PETN films at flyer velocities near 2400 m/s. This experimental setup enables rapid quantification of the growth of reactions in explosive materials that can reach detonation at sub-millimeter length scales. These data can subsequently be used for parameterizing reactive burn models in hydrocode simulations, as discussed in Paper II [D. E. Kittell, R. Knepper, and A. S. Tappan, J. Appl. Phys. 131, 154902 (2022)].
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21 April 2022
Research Article|
April 21 2022
Investigating growth to detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene and pentaerythritol tetranitrate films using high-throughput methods
Special Collection:
Shock Behavior of Materials
Robert Knepper
;
Robert Knepper
a)
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: rkneppe@sandia.gov
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Stephen Rupper;
Stephen Rupper
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Stephanie DeJong;
Stephanie DeJong
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Michael P. Marquez;
Michael P. Marquez
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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David E. Kittell
;
David E. Kittell
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Randal L. Schmitt;
Randal L. Schmitt
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Alexander S. Tappan
Alexander S. Tappan
Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: rkneppe@sandia.gov
Note: This paper is part of the Special Topic on Shock Behavior of Materials.
J. Appl. Phys. 131, 155901 (2022)
Article history
Received:
December 01 2021
Accepted:
February 09 2022
Citation
Robert Knepper, Stephen Rupper, Stephanie DeJong, Michael P. Marquez, David E. Kittell, Randal L. Schmitt, Alexander S. Tappan; Investigating growth to detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene and pentaerythritol tetranitrate films using high-throughput methods. J. Appl. Phys. 21 April 2022; 131 (15): 155901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080515
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