An outstanding challenge in developing a complete equation of state for materials at elevated pressure and temperature is a robust method of determining the bulk temperature state under dynamic conditions. In metals, the determination of bulk temperature states by optical pyrometry is complicated by the small optical depth and thermal conduction effects. These effects lead to observed temperatures differing by 20% or more from the bulk temperature state. In this work, we show the presence of thermal conduction effects in temperature measurements of tin and iron coatings during dynamic compression experiments. We demonstrate that tin, in contrast to iron, coatings can fail to converge to a bulk temperature source over the time scale of the experiment, requiring the experimenter to modify assumptions, design, or analysis. This work bounds thermal transport at shocked conditions.
REFERENCES
1.
P.-L.
Hereil
and C.
Mabire
, J. Phys. IV France
10
, Pr9
(2000
). 2.
D.
Partouche-Sebban
, D. B.
Holtkamp
, J. L.
Pélissier
, J.
Taboury
, and A.
Rouyer
, Shock Waves
11
, 385
(2002
). 3.
J.
Pélissier
and D.
Partouche-Sebban
, Physica B
364
, 14
(2005
). 4.
S.
Kormer
, M.
Sinitsyn
, G.
Kirillov
, and V.
Urlin
, J. Exp. Theor. Phys.
21
, 689
(1965
).5.
N. C.
Holmes
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
66
, 2615
(1995
). 6.
K.
Boboridis
and A. W.
Obst
, AIP Conf. Proc.
684
, 759
(2003
). 7.
S.
Anzellini
, A.
Dewaele
, M.
Mezouar
, P.
Loubeyre
, and G.
Morard
, Science
340
, 464
(2013
). 8.
B. M.
La Lone
, G. D.
Stevens
, W. D.
Turley
, D. B.
Holtkamp
, A. J.
Iverson
, R. S.
Hixson
, and L. R.
Veeser
, J. Appl. Phys.
114
, 063506
(2013
). 9.
R.
Grover
and P. A.
Urtiew
, J. Appl. Phys.
45
, 146
(1974
). 10.
C.
Dai
, J.
Hu
, and H.
Tan
, J. Appl. Phys.
106
, 043519
(2009
). 11.
C. S.
Yoo
, N. C.
Holmes
, M.
Ross
, D. J.
Webb
, and C.
Pike
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
70
, 3931
(1993
). 12.
J.
Li
, Q.
Wu
, J.
Li
, T.
Xue
, Y.
Tan
, X.
Zhou
, Y.
Zhang
, Z.
Xiong
, Z.
Gao
, and T.
Sekine
, Geophys. Res. Lett.
47, e2020GL087758, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087758 (2020).13.
W. J.
Nellis
and C. S.
Yoo
, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
95
, 21749
, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB13p21749 (1990
). 14.
D. A.
Brantley
and M.
Akin
, “Model dependence of shock temperature measurements of opaque thin films” (unpublished).15.
W. W.
Anderson
and T. J.
Ahrens
, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
101
, 5627
, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB01972 (1996
). 16.
G. Y.
Hao
, F. S.
Liu
, D. Y.
Zhang
, and M. J.
Zhang
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
90
, 261914
(2007
). 17.
X.-L.
Zhang
, Z.-L.
Liu
, Y.-J.
Gu
, L.-C.
Cai
, and F.-Q.
Jing
, Physica B
403
, 3261
(2008
). 18.
H.
Tan
and C.
Dai
, High Press. Res.
21
, 183
(2001
). 19.
J. D.
Bass
, B.
Svendsen
, and T. J.
Ahrens
, “The temperature of shock compressed iron,” in High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics: A Volume in Honor of Syun-iti Akimoto [American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2013], pp. 393–402.20.
K. G.
Holland
and T. J.
Ahrens
, “Properties of LiF and AlO to 240 GPa for metal shock temperature measurements,” in Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials at High Pressure and Temperature [American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2013], pp. 335–343.21.
D. A.
Boness
, AIP Conf. Proc.
1426
, 1605
(2012
). 22.
B.
Svendsen
, J. D.
Bass
, and T. J.
Ahrens
, Phys. Rep.
180
, 333
(1989
). 23.
T. J.
Ahrens
, H.
Tan
, and J. D.
Bass
, High Press. Res.
2
, 145
(1990
). 24.
W.
Tang
, F.
Jing
, R.
Zhang
, and J.
Hu
, J. Appl. Phys.
80
, 3248
(1996
). 25.
C. G.
Gu
, H.
Tan
, F.
Jing
, and Q.
Gou
, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Intense Dynamic Loading and Its Effects, edited by G. Zhang and S. Huang, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 1992
, pp. 298
–303
.26.
T. M.
Hartsfield
, B. M.
La Lone
, G. D.
Stevens
, L. R.
Veeser
, and D. H.
Dolan
, J. Appl. Phys.
128
, 015903
(2020
). 27.
D. E.
Hare
, N. C.
Holmes
, and D. J.
Webb
, Phys. Rev. B
66
, 014108
(2002
). 28.
K. G.
Gallagher
, J. D.
Bass
, T. J.
Ahrens
, M.
Fitzner
, and J. R.
Abelson
, AIP Conf. Proc.
309
, 963
(1994
). 29.
M.
Manga
and R.
Jeanloz
, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
102
, 2999
, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02696 (1997
). 30.
L. S.
Dubrovinsky
, S. K.
Saxena
, N. A.
Dubrovinskaia
, S.
Rekhi
, and T.
Le Bihan
, Am. Mineral.
85
, 386
(2000
). 31.
W. W.
Anderson
and T. J.
Ahrens
, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
99
, 4273
, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB03158 (1994
). 32.
J. M.
Brown
, J. N.
Fritz
, and R. S.
Hixson
, J. Appl. Phys.
88
, 5496
(2000
). 33.
A.
Dewaele
, P.
Loubeyre
, F.
Occelli
, M.
Mezouar
, P. I.
Dorogokupets
, and M.
Torrent
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
97
, 215504
(2006
). 34.
P. I.
Dorogokupets
, A. M.
Dymshits
, K. D.
Litasov
, and T. S.
Sokolova
, Sci. Rep.
7
, 41863
(2017
). 35.
P. A.
Rigg
, M. D.
Knudson
, R. J.
Scharff
, and R. S.
Hixson
, J. Appl. Phys.
116
, 033515
(2014
). 36.
J.-P.
Davis
, M. D.
Knudson
, L.
Shulenburger
, and S. D.
Crockett
, J. Appl. Phys.
120
, 165901
(2016
). 37.
L. E.
Kirsch
, S. J.
Ali
, D. E.
Fratanduono
, R. G.
Kraus
, D. G.
Braun
, A.
Fernandez-Pañella
, R. F.
Smith
, J. M.
McNaney
, and J. H.
Eggert
, J. Appl. Phys.
125
, 175901
(2019
). 38.
Stycast and Loctite-326 have been shown to light up at pressure,99 and thermal transport properties are unknown at elevated pressure and temperature.
39.
The spectral throughput is the fraction of incident spectral flux that makes it to the detector.
40.
G. D.
Stevens
, R. J.
Scharff
, J. M.
Lang
, B. M.
La Lone
, W. D.
Turley
, and L. R.
Veeser
, J. Appl. Phys.
124
, 185105
(2018
). 41.
T. A.
Ota
, D. J.
Chapman
, J. C.
Richley
, and D. E.
Eakins
, AIP Conf. Proc.
1979
, 130005
(2018
). 42.
A.
Seifter
, M.
Grover
, D. B.
Holtkamp
, A. J.
Iverson
, G. D.
Stevens
, W. D.
Turley
, L. R.
Veeser
, M. D.
Wilke
, and J. A.
Young
, J. Appl. Phys.
110
, 093508
(2011
). 43.
G. D.
Stevens
, B. M.
La Lone
, W. D.
Turley
, and L. R.
Veeser
, AIP Conf. Proc.
1793
, 130002
(2017
). 44.
T.
Ota
, R.
Amott
, C.
Carlson
, D.
Chapman
, M.
Collinson
, R.
Corrow
, D.
Eakins
, T.
Graves
, T.
Hartsfield
, D.
Holtkamp
, A.
Iverson
, J.
Richley
, and J.
Stone
, J. Dyn. Behav. Mater.
5
, 396
(2019
). 45.
T. M.
Hartsfield
, A. J.
Iverson
, and J. K.
Baldwin
, J. Appl. Phys.
124
, 105107
(2018
). 46.
N. R.
Comins
, Philos. Mag.
25
, 817
(1972
). 47.
Multiple strategies have been implemented in the literature for estimating the temperature with an unknown emissivity.
48.
J. E.
Taylor
, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
42
, 33
(1952
). 49.
H.
Watanabe
, M.
Susa
, H.
Fukuyama
, and K.
Nagata
, Int. J. Thermophys.
24
, 473
(2003
). 50.
C. T.
Seagle
, D. L.
Heinz
, Z.
Liu
, and R. J.
Hemley
, Appl. Opt.
48
, 545
(2009
). 51.
A. C.
Mitchell
and W. J.
Nellis
, J. Appl. Phys.
52
, 3363
(1981
). 52.
53.
R. M.
Darlington
, T. L.
McAbee
, and G.
Rodrigue
, Comput. Phys. Commun.
135
, 58
(2001
). 54.
R. N.
Rieben
, “Prototype mixed finite element hydrodynamics capability in ARES,” Technical Report Nos. LLNL-TR-405350 and TRN:US200904%%115, 2008. 55.
P. C.
Myint
, E. L.
Shi
, S.
Hamel
, H.
Cynn
, Z.
Jenei
, M. J.
Lipp
, W. J.
Evans
, and M. C.
Akin
, J. Chem. Phys.
150
, 074506
(2019
). 56.
Y.
Ping
, F.
Coppari
, D. G.
Hicks
, B.
Yaakobi
, D. E.
Fratanduono
, S.
Hamel
, J. H.
Eggert
, J. R.
Rygg
, R. F.
Smith
, D. C.
Swift
, D. G.
Braun
, T. R.
Boehly
, and G. W.
Collins
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
111
, 065501
(2013
). 57.
J. M.
Brown
and R. G.
McQueen
, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
91
, 7485
, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB07p07485 (1986
). 58.
J. H.
Nguyen
and N. C.
Holmes
, Nature
427
, 339
(2004
). 59.
G. I.
Kerley
, “Multiphase equation of state for iron,” Tech. Rep. SAND93-0027 (Sandia National Laboratory, 1993).60.
D. A.
Young
and E. M.
Corey
, J. Appl. Phys.
78
, 3748
(1995
). 61.
R. M.
More
, K. H.
Warren
, D. A.
Young
, and G. B.
Zimmerman
, Phys. Fluids
31
, 3059
(1988
). 62.
P. A.
Urtiew
and R.
Grover
, J. Appl. Phys.
45
, 140
(1974
). 63.
A.
Giri
and P. E.
Hopkins
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
30
, 1903857
(2020
). 64.
E. T.
Swartz
and R. O.
Pohl
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
51
, 2200
(1987
). 65.
R.
Boehler
, M.
Ross
, and D. B.
Boercker
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
78
, 4589
(1997
). 66.
I.
Jackson
, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
14
, 86
(1977
). 67.
H.
Tan
and T. J.
Ahrens
, High Press. Res.
2
, 159
(1990
). 68.
B. M.
La Lone
, P. D.
Asimow
, O. V.
Fatâyanov
, R. S.
Hixson
, G. D.
Stevens
, W. D.
Turley
, and L. R.
Veeser
, J. Appl. Phys.
126
, 225103
(2019
). 69.
R.
Briggs
, D.
Daisenberger
, O. T.
Lord
, A.
Salamat
, E.
Bailey
, M. J.
Walter
, and P. F.
McMillan
, Phys. Rev. B
95
, 054102
(2017
). 70.
B.
Schwager
, M.
Ross
, S.
Japel
, and R.
Boehler
, J. Chem. Phys.
133
, 084501
(2010
). 71.
R. S.
McWilliams
, Z.
Konôpková
, and A. F.
Goncharov
, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
247
, 17
(2015
), transport Properties of the Earthâs Core. 72.
Z.
Konôpková
, R.
Mcwilliams
, N.
Gomez Perez
, and A. F.
Goncharov
, Nature
534
, 99
(2016
). 73.
K.
Ohta
, Y.
Kuwayama
, K.
Hirose
, K.
Shimizu
, and Y.
Ohishi
, Nature
534
, 95
(2016
). 74.
P.
Saha
, A.
Mazumder
, and G. D.
Mukherjee
, Geosci. Front.
11
, 1755
(2020
). 75.
K. M.
Bulatov
, A. N.
Semenov
, A. A.
Bykov
, A. S.
Machikhin
, K. D.
Litasov
, P. V.
Zinin
, and S. V.
Rashchenko
, High Press. Res.
40
, 1
(2020
). 76.
J.
Xu
, P.
Zhang
, K.
Haule
, J.
Minar
, S.
Wimmer
, H.
Ebert
, and R. E.
Cohen
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
121
, 096601
(2018
). 77.
B. M.
La Lone
, G.
Capelle
, G. D.
Stevens
, W. D.
Turley
, and L. R.
Veeser
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
85
, 073903
(2014
). 78.
X.
Duan
, C.
Zhang
, Z.
Guan
, L.
Sun
, X.
Peng
, H.
Liu
, W.
Yang
, Y.
Li
, H.
Zhang
, Q.
Ye
, J.
Yang
, S.
Jiang
, and Z.
Wang
, J. Appl. Phys.
128
, 015902
(2020
). 79.
J.
Clérouin
, Y.
Laudernet
, V.
Recoules
, and S.
Mazevet
, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.
39
, 4387
(2006
). 80.
J.
Rumble
and T.
Bruno
, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 2019-2020: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Taylor & Francis Group, 2019).81.
R. E.
Jones
and D. K.
Ward
, Phys. Rev. B
94
, 014309
(2016
). 82.
T.
Liang
, W.-Q.
Chen
, C.-E.
Hu
, X.-R.
Chen
, and Q.-F.
Chen
, Solid State Commun.
272
, 28
(2018
). 83.
S.
Pettersson
and G. D.
Mahan
, Phys. Rev. B
42
, 7386
(1990
). 84.
H.-K.
Lyeo
and D. G.
Cahill
, Phys. Rev. B
73
, 144301
(2006
). 85.
P. L.
Kapitza
, Phys. Rev.
60
, 354
(1941
). 86.
E. T.
Swartz
and R. O.
Pohl
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
61
, 605
(1989
). 87.
T.
Zhan
, S.
Minamoto
, Y.
Xu
, Y.
Tanaka
, and Y.
Kagawa
, AIP Adv.
5
, 047102
(2015
). 88.
Z.
Tian
, K.
Esfarjani
, and G.
Chen
, Phys. Rev. B
86
, 235304
(2012
). 89.
R. J.
Stevens
, L. V.
Zhigilei
, and P. M.
Norris
, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
50
, 3977
(2007
). 90.
R. J.
Stoner
and H. J.
Maris
, Phys. Rev. B
48
, 16373
(1993
). 91.
N. Q.
Le
, C. A.
Polanco
, R.
Rastgarkafshgarkolaei
, J.
Zhang
, A. W.
Ghosh
, and P. M.
Norris
, Phys. Rev. B
95
, 245417
(2017
). 92.
J.
Fang
, X.
Qian
, C. Y.
Zhao
, B.
Li
, and X.
Gu
, Phys. Rev. E
101
, 022133
(2020
). 93.
S.
Sadasivam
, U. V.
Waghmare
, and T. S.
Fisher
, J. Appl. Phys.
117
, 134502
(2015
). 94.
Y.
Wu
, L.
Fang
, and Y.
Xu
, npj Comput. Mater.
5
, 56
(2019
). 95.
H. K.
Mao
, J.
Xu
, V. V.
Struzhkin
, J.
Shu
, R. J.
Hemley
, W.
Sturhahn
, M. Y.
Hu
, E. E.
Alp
, L.
Vocadlo
, D.
Alfè
, G. D.
Price
, M. J.
Gillan
, M.
Schwoerer-Böhning
, D.
Häusermann
, P.
Eng
, G.
Shen
, H.
Giefers
, R.
Lübbers
, and G.
Wortmann
, Science
292
, 914
(2001
). 96.
J. M.
Panchal
, M.
Joshi
, and P. N.
Gajjar
, AIP Conf. Proc.
1731
, 090014
(2016
). 97.
T.
Yagi
, J. Phys. Chem. Solids
39
, 563
(1978
). 98.
H.
Giefers
, E. A.
Tanis
, S. P.
Rudin
, C.
Greeff
, X.
Ke
, C.
Chen
, M. F.
Nicol
, M.
Pravica
, W.
Pravica
, J.
Zhao
, A.
Alatas
, M.
Lerche
, W.
Sturhahn
, and E.
Alp
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
98
, 245502
(2007
). 99.
M.
Akin
and R.
Chau
, J. Behav. Mater.
2
, 421
–424
(2016
). © 2021 Author(s).
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
