Terahertz (THz) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band detection has a key role in both fundamental interactions physics and technological applications, such as medical imaging, industrial quality control, and homeland security. In particular, transition edge sensors (TESs) and kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) are the most employed bolometers and calorimeters in the THz and sub-THz band for astrophysics and astroparticles research. Here, we present the electronic, thermal, and spectral characterization of an aluminum/copper bilayer sensing structure that, thanks to its thermal properties and a simple miniaturized design, could be considered a perfect candidate to realize an extremely sensitive class of nanoscale TES (nano-TES) for the giga–terahertz band. Indeed, thanks to the reduced dimensionality of the active region and the efficient Andreev mirror heat confinement, our devices are predicted to reach state-of-the-art TES performance. In particular, as a bolometer the nano-TES is expected to have a noise equivalent power of W/ and a relaxation time of ns for the sub-THz band, typical of cosmic microwave background studies. When operated as a single-photon sensor, the devices are expected to show a remarkable frequency resolution of 100 GHz, pointing toward the necessary energy sensitivity requested in laboratory axion search experiments. Finally, different multiplexing schemes are proposed and sized for imaging applications.
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21 November 2020
Research Article|
November 18 2020
Development of highly sensitive nanoscale transition edge sensors for gigahertz astronomy and dark matter search
Federico Paolucci
;
Federico Paolucci
a)
1
NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore
, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: federico.paolucci@nano.cnr.it
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Vittorio Buccheri;
Vittorio Buccheri
1
NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore
, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Gaia Germanese
;
Gaia Germanese
1
NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore
, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Pisa
, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Nadia Ligato
;
Nadia Ligato
1
NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore
, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Riccardo Paoletti
;
Riccardo Paoletti
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente dell’Università di Siena
, Strada Laterina 8, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Giovanni Signorelli
;
Giovanni Signorelli
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Massimiliano Bitossi;
Massimiliano Bitossi
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Paolo Spagnolo
;
Paolo Spagnolo
2
INFN Sezione di Pisa
, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Paolo Falferi
;
Paolo Falferi
5
IFN-CNR and Fondazione Bruno Kessler
, via alla Cascata 56, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
6
INFN, TIFPA
, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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Mauro Rajteri
;
Mauro Rajteri
7
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM)
, Str. delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
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Claudio Gatti
;
Claudio Gatti
8
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
, Via Enrico Fermi 54, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
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Francesco Giazotto
Francesco Giazotto
b)
1
NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore
, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: federico.paolucci@nano.cnr.it
J. Appl. Phys. 128, 194502 (2020)
Article history
Received:
July 16 2020
Accepted:
November 05 2020
Citation
Federico Paolucci, Vittorio Buccheri, Gaia Germanese, Nadia Ligato, Riccardo Paoletti, Giovanni Signorelli, Massimiliano Bitossi, Paolo Spagnolo, Paolo Falferi, Mauro Rajteri, Claudio Gatti, Francesco Giazotto; Development of highly sensitive nanoscale transition edge sensors for gigahertz astronomy and dark matter search. J. Appl. Phys. 21 November 2020; 128 (19): 194502. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0021996
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