Nanopatterned arrays of discrete cobalt nanostructures showing characteristic parameter-dependent sizes are formed from continuous thin films on a carbon nanotube substrate using millisecond pulsed intense UV light. The nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic behavior with magnetic remanence and coercivity depending on the particle size. The end-state particle size is shown to be a function of initial thin film thickness and excitation energy and is therefore tunable. The evolutionary process from continuous thin films to a discrete morphology is thermodynamically driven by the large surface energy difference between metastable thin films and the underlying carbon nanotube substrate. Evidence of the Danielson model of the dewetting process is observed. These arrays can find applications as platforms for the self-assembly of magnetically susceptible materials, such as iron or nickel nanostructures, into a conduction matrix for applications in energy extraction from a latent heat storage device.
REFERENCES
1.
S.
Mornet
, S.
Vasseur
, F.
Grasset
, P.
Veverka
, G.
Goglio
, A.
Demourgues
, J.
Portier
, E.
Pollert
, and E.
Duguet
, “Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical applications
,” Prog. Solid State Chem.
34
, 237
–247
(2006
). 2.
D. W.
Elliott
and W.-X.
Zhang
, “Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater treatment
,” Environ. Sci. Technol.
35
, 4922
–4926
(2001
). 3.
D.
Weller
and M. F.
Doerner
, “Extremely high density longitudinal recording media
,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.
30
, 611
–644
(2000
). 4.
C. M.
Hangarter
and N. V.
Myung
, “Magnetic alignment of nanowires
,” Chem. Mater.
17
, 1320
–1324
(2005
). 5.
L.
He
, M. S.
Wang
, J. P.
Ge
, and Y. D.
Yin
, “Magnetic assembly route to colloidal responsive photonic nanostructures
,” Acc. Chem. Res.
45
, 1431
–1440
(2012
). 6.
M.
Tanase
, D. M.
Silevitch
, A.
Hultgren
, L. A.
Bauer
, P. C.
Searson
, G. J.
Meyer
, and D. H.
Reich
, “Magnetic trapping and self-assembly of multicomponent nanowires
,” J. Appl. Phys.
91
, 8549
–8551
(2002
). 7.
I.
Kavre
, G.
Kostevc
, S.
Kralj
, A.
Vilfan
, and D.
Babič
, “Fabrication of magneto-responsive microgears based on magnetic nanoparticle embedded PDMS
,” RSC Adv.
4
, 38316
–38322
(2014
). 8.
J.
Ryu
, K.
Kim
, H.-S.
Kim
, H. T.
Hahn
, and D.
Lashmore
, “Intense pulsed light induced platinum-gold alloy formation on carbon nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose detection
,” Biosens. Bioelectron.
26
, 602
–607
(2010
). 9.
X.
Zhang
, J.
Zhang
, J.
Quan
, N.
Wang
, and Y.
Zhu
, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering activities of carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles
,” Analyst
141
, 5527
–5534
(2016
). 10.
J.
Su
, I.
Mirzaee
, F.
Gao
, X.
Liu
, M.
Charmchi
, Z.
Gu
, and H.
Sun
, “Magnetically assembling nanoscale metal network into phase change material—Percolation threshold reduction in paraffin using magnetically assembly of nanowires
,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med.
5
, 031005
(2014
). 11.
J.
Ryu
, H. S.
Kim
, H. T.
Hahn
, and D.
Lashmore
, “Carbon nanotubes with platinum nano-islands as glucose biofuel cell electrodes
,” Biosens. Bioelectron.
25
, 1603
–1608
(2010
). 12.
A. P. U.
Kulkarni
, “Au nanoparticle assembly on CNTs using flash induced solid-state dewetting
,” Ph.D. thesis (Purdue University
, 2015
).13.
S.
Nuriel
, L.
Liu
, A. H.
Barber
, and H. D.
Wagner
, “Direct measurement of multiwall nanotube surface tension
,” Chem. Phys. Lett.
404
, 263
–266
(2005
). 14.
L.
Rayleigh
, “On the instability of jets
,” Proc. Lond. Math. Soc.
s1–s10
, 4
–13
(1878
). 15.
W. W.
Mullins
, “Flattening of a nearly plane solid surface due to capillarity
,” J. Appl. Phys.
30
, 77
–83
(1959
). 16.
F. A.
Nichols
and W. W.
Mullins
, “Morphological changes of a surface of revolution due to capillarity-induced surface diffusion
,” J. Appl. Phys.
36
, 1826
–1835
(1965
). 17.
G.
Reiter
, “Dewetting of thin polymer films
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
68
, 75
–78
(1992
). 18.
D. T.
Danielson
, D. K.
Sparacin
, J.
Michel
, and L. C.
Kimerling
, “Surface-energy-driven dewetting theory of silicon-on-insulator agglomeration
,” J. Appl. Phys.
100
, 083507
(2006
). 19.
C. V.
Thompson
, “Solid-state dewetting of thin films
,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.
42
, 399
–434
(2012
). 20.
D. J.
Srolovitz
and M. G.
Goldiner
, “The thermodynamics and kinetics of film agglomeration
,” JOM
47
, 31
(1995
). 21.
D. J.
Srolovitz
and S. A.
Safran
, “Capillary instabilities in thin, polycrystalline films
,” MRS Proc.
47
, 23
–28
(1985
). 22.
D. J.
Srolovitz
and S. A.
Safran
, “Capillary instabilities in thin films. I. Energetics
,” J. Appl. Phys.
60
, 247
–254
(1986
). 23.
A.
Mosey
, B.
Gaire
, J.
Kim
, J.
Ryu
, and R.
Cheng
, “Tunable cobalt nanoparticle synthesis by intense pulse flash annealing
,” AIP Adv.
7
, 056308
(2017
). 24.
I.
Beszeda
, E. G.
Gontier-Moya
, and W.
Imre
, “Surface Ostwald-ripening and evaporation of gold beaded films on sapphire
,” Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.
81
, 673
–677
(2005
). 25.
J. H.
Yao
, K. R.
Elder
, H.
Guo
, and M.
Grant
, “Theory and simulation of Ostwald ripening
,” Phys. Rev. B
47
, 14110
–14125
(1993
). 26.
D. J.
Srolovitz
and S. A.
Safran
, “Capillary instabilities in thin films. 2: Kinetics
,” J. Appl. Phys.
247
, 255
–260
(1986
). 27.
J. S.
Lee
, J. M.
Cha
, H. Y.
Yoon
, J. K.
Lee
, and Y. K.
Kim
, “Magnetic multi-granule nanoclusters: A model system that exhibits universal size effect of magnetic coercivity
,” Sci. Rep.
5
, 1
–7
(2015
). 28.
Q.
Li
, C. W.
Kartikowati
, S.
Horie
, T.
Ogi
, T.
Iwaki
, and K.
Okuyama
, “Correlation between particle size/domain structure and magnetic properties of highly crystalline nanoparticles
,” Sci. Rep.
7
, 1
–4
(2017
). 29.
A. E.
Berkowitz
and W. J.
Schuele
, “Magnetic properties of some ferrite micropowders
,” J. Appl. Phys.
30
, S134
–S135
(1959
). 30.
S. M.
Ramay
, M.
Saleem
, S.
Atiq
, S. A.
Siddiqi
, S.
Naseem
, and M.
Sabieh Anwar
, “Influence of temperature on structural and magnetic properties of ferrites
,” Bull. Mater. Sci.
34
, 1415
–1419
(2011
). © 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
