In this work, an integrated optofluidic phase-shifting element, along with an image processing algorithm, was proposed to enable quantitative analysis for microfluidic applications using a digital holographic microscopic configuration. The advantages of the proposed system lie in its compactness, that the phase-shifting element can be simultaneously fabricated with other microfluidic functional components on a single chip, its robustness to resist environmental vibrations as no mechanical movement is involved for phase-shifting, and its capability of capturing transient events of fluid dynamics for quantitative measurement. The performance of the proposed system was validated with quantitatively label-free monitoring of concentration gradients under various conditions in microchannels.
REFERENCES
1.
E. K.
Sackmann
, A. L.
Fulton
, and D. J.
Beebe
, Nature
507
(7491
), 181
–189
(2014
). 2.
T. M.
Keenan
and A.
Folch
, Lab Chip
8
(1
), 34
–57
(2008
). 3.
L.
Liang
, Y. X.
Jin
, X. Q.
Zhu
, F. L.
Zhou
, and Y.
Yang
, Lab Chip
18
(10
), 1422
–1429
(2018
). 4.
J.
Kim
, D.
Taylor
, N.
Agrawal
, H.
Wang
, H.
Kim
, A.
Han
, K.
Rege
, and A.
Jayaraman
, Lab Chip
12
(10
), 1813
–1822
(2012
). 5.
M.
Tang
, X.
Huang
, Q.
Chu
, X.
Ning
, Y.
Wang
, S.-K.
Kong
, X.
Zhang
, G.
Wang
, and H.-P.
Ho
, Lab Chip
18
(10
), 1452
–1460
(2018
). 6.
C.
Müller
, A.
Loman
, V.
Pacheco
, F.
Koberling
, D.
Willbold
, W.
Richtering
, and J.
Enderlein
, EPL
83
(4
), 46001
(2008
). 7.
K.
Pappaert
, J.
Biesemans
, D.
Clicq
, S.
Vankrunkelsven
, and G.
Desmet
, Lab Chip
5
(10
), 1104
–1110
(2005
). 8.
T.
Schneider
, J.
Kreutz
, and D. T.
Chiu
, Anal. Chem.
85
(7
), 3476
–3482
(2013
). 9.
X.
Fan
, I. M.
White
, S. I.
Shopova
, H.
Zhu
, J. D.
Suter
, and Y.
Sun
, Anal. Chim. Acta
620
(1–2
), 8
–26
(2008
). 10.
C.
Song
, T.
Jin
, R.
Yan
, W.
Qi
, T.
Huang
, H.
Ding
, S. H.
Tan
, N. T.
Nguyen
, and L.
Xi
, Lab Chip
18
(9
), 1292
–1297
(2018
). 11.
J.
Jeon
, N.
Choi
, H.
Chen
, J.-I.
Moon
, L.
Chen
, and J.
Choo
, Lab Chip
19
(4
), 674
–681
(2019
). 12.
C.
Peters
, L.
Wolff
, S.
Haase
, J.
Thien
, T.
Brands
, H.-J.
Koß
, and A.
Bardow
, Lab Chip
17
(16
), 2768
–2776
(2017
). 13.
I.
Swyer
, S.
von der Ecken
, B.
Wu
, A.
Jenne
, R.
Soong
, F.
Vincent
, D.
Schmidig
, T.
Frei
, F.
Busse
, H. J.
Stronks
, A. J.
Simpson
, and A. R.
Wheeler
, Lab Chip
19
(4
), 641
–653
(2019
). 14.
V. P.
Pandiyan
and R.
John
, Appl. Opt.
55
(3
), A54
–A59
(2016
). 15.
K. J.
Chalut
, A. E.
Ekpenyong
, W. L.
Clegg
, I. C.
Melhuish
, and J.
Guck
, Integr. Biol.
4
(3
), 280
–284
(2012
). 16.
M.
Ugele
, M.
Weniger
, M.
Leidenberger
, Y.
Huang
, M.
Bassler
, O.
Friedrich
, B.
Kappes
, O.
Hayden
, and L.
Richter
, Lab Chip
18
(12
), 1704
–1712
(2018
). 17.
I.
Yamaguchi
and T.
Zhang
, Opt. Lett.
22
(16
), 1268
–1270
(1997
). 18.
19.
C.
Trujillo
, A.
Doblas
, G.
Saavedra
, M.
Martinez-Corral
, and J.
Garcia-Sucerquia
, Opt. Lett.
41
(7
), 1416
–1419
(2016
). 20.
C.
Song
, N.-T.
Nguyen
, A. K.
Asundi
, and C. L.-N.
Low
, Opt. Lett.
34
(23
), 3622
–3624
(2009
). 21.
C.
Song
, N.-T.
Nguyen
, S.-H.
Tan
, and A. K.
Asundi
, Lab Chip
9
(9
), 1178
–1184
(2009
). 22.
N.-T.
Nguyen
, Biomicrofluidics
4
(3
), 031501
(2010
). 23.
R.
Yan
, Y.
Yang
, X.
Tu
, T.
Huang
, Y.
Liu
, and C.
Song
, Microfluid. Nanofluid.
23
(8
), 101
(2019
). 24.
Y.
Yang
, A.
Liu
, L.
Chin
, X.
Zhang
, D.
Tsai
, C.
Lin
, C.
Lu
, G.
Wang
, and N.
Zheludev
, Nat. Commun.
3
, 651
(2012
). 25.
C.
Song
, N.-T.
Nguyen
, A. K.
Asundi
, and C. L.-N.
Low
, Opt. Lett.
36
(10
), 1767
–1769
(2011
). 26.
S.
Schuhladen
, K.
Banerjee
, M.
Stürmer
, P.
Müller
, U.
Wallrabe
, and H.
Zappe
, Light Sci. Appl.
5
(1
), e16005
(2016
). 27.
Y.
Xia
and G. M.
Whitesides
, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.
28
(1
), 153
–184
(1998
). 28.
C.-Y.
Tan
and Y.-X.
Huang
, J. Chem. Eng. Data
60
(10
), 2827
–2833
(2015
). 29.
T.
Nguyen
, M.-C.
Kim
, J.-S.
Park
, and N.-E.
Lee
, Sens. Actuators B
132
(1
), 172
–181
(2008
). 30.
Z.
Li
, S. Y.
Mak
, A.
Sauret
, and H. C.
Shum
, Lab Chip
14
(4
), 744
–749
(2014
). 31.
C.-C.
Kao
, G.-B.
Yeh
, S.-S.
Lee
, C.-K.
Lee
, C.-S.
Yang
, and K.-C.
Wu
, Appl. Opt.
41
(1
), 46
–54
(2002
). 32.
R. M.
Goldstein
, H. A.
Zebker
, and C. L.
Werner
, Radio Sci.
23
(4
), 713
–720
(1988
). 33.
Z.
Wu
and N.-T.
Nguyen
, Sens. Actuators B
107
(2
), 965
–974
(2005
). 34.
N.-T.
Nguyen
and Z.
Wu
, J. Micromech. Microeng.
15
(2
), R1
(2005
). © 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
