We designed a metasurface made of a monolayer of spherical nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric slab, which exhibits transmission properties independent of the incidence angle. Adjusting the electromagnetic coupling between high-index dielectric and hybrid core-shell nanoparticles enables the metasurface to operate in low-pass, bandpass, as well as band-stop regimes in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. We demonstrate how symmetric properties of spherical nanoparticles determine the response of the metasurface, resulting in a spectral filter with a wide angular acceptance range. We study transmission characteristics of the metasurface, such as frequency selectivity, the slope of filtering at cutoff frequencies, and the robustness of the metasurface against experimental variations in geometrical parameters. Our analyses show that the proposed approach can be used to design angular-independent spectral filters with the same material platform and approach to operate in different regimes and spectral ranges.

1.
N. I.
Zheludev
and
Y. S.
Kivshar
, “
From metamaterials to metadevices
,”
Nat. Mater.
11
,
917
924
(
2012
).
2.
N.
Meinzer
,
W. L.
Barnes
, and
I. R.
Hooper
, “
Plasmonic meta-atoms and metasurfaces
,”
Nat. Photonics
8
,
889
898
(
2014
).
3.
K.
Tsai
,
G. A.
Wurtz
,
J.
Chu
,
T.
Cheng
,
H.
Wang
,
A. V.
Krasavin
,
J.
He
,
B. M.
Wells
,
V. A.
Podolskiy
,
J.
Wang
,
Y.
Wang
, and
A. V.
Zayats
, “
Looking into meta-atoms of plasmonic nanowire metamaterial
,”
Nano Lett.
14
,
4971
4976
(
2014
).
4.
I.
Shadrivov
,
Y.
Kivshar
, and
M.
Lapine
,
Nonlinear, Tunable and Active Metamaterials
(
Springer International Publishing
,
2015
), Vol. 200.
5.
A.
Alù
and
N.
Engheta
, “
Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings
,”
Phys. Rev. E
72
,
016623
(
2005
).
6.
A. D.
Neira
,
G. A.
Wurtz
,
P.
Ginzburg
, and
A. V.
Zayats
, “
Ultrafast all-optical modulation with hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in Si photonic circuitry
,”
Opt. Express
22
,
10987
(
2014
).
7.
B.
Luk’yanchuk
,
N. I.
Zheludev
,
S. A.
Maier
,
N. J.
Halas
,
P.
Nordlander
,
H.
Giessen
, and
C. T.
Chong
, “
The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials
,”
Nat. Mater.
9
,
707
715
(
2010
).
8.
H.
Alaeian
and
J. A.
Dionne
, “
Plasmon nanoparticle superlattices as optical-frequency magnetic metamaterials
,”
Opt. Express
20
,
15781
15796
(
2012
).
9.
W.
Lewandowski
,
M.
Fruhnert
,
J.
Mieczkowski
,
C.
Rockstuhl
, and
E.
Górecka
, “
Dynamically self-assembled silver nanoparticles as a thermally tunable metamaterial
,”
Nat. Commun.
6
,
6590
(
2015
).
10.
M. J.
Smith
,
B. T.
Kuhlmey
,
C. M.
De Sterke
,
C.
Wolff
,
M.
Lapine
, and
C. G.
Poulton
, “
Electrostriction enhancement in metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
91
,
1
7
(
2015
).
11.
K.
Chen
,
B. B.
Rajeeva
,
Z.
Wu
,
M.
Rukavina
,
T. D.
Dao
,
S.
Ishii
,
M.
Aono
,
T.
Nagao
, and
Y.
Zheng
, “
Moiré nanosphere lithography
,”
ACS Nano
9
,
6031
6040
(
2015
).
12.
Z.
Wu
,
K.
Chen
,
R.
Menz
,
T.
Nagao
, and
Y.
Zheng
, “
Tunable multiband metasurfaces by moiré nanosphere lithography
,”
Nanoscale
7
,
20391
20396
(
2015
).
13.
H.
Ni
,
M.
Wang
,
H.
Hao
, and
J.
Zhou
, “
Integration of tunable two-dimensional nanostructures on a chip by an improved nanosphere lithography method
,”
Nanotechnology
27
,
225301
(
2016
).
14.
P. C.
Li
and
E. T.
Yu
, “
Flexible, low-loss, large-area, wide-angle, wavelength-selective plasmonic multilayer metasurface
,”
J. Appl. Phys.
114
,
133104
(
2013
).
15.
A.
Nemiroski
,
M.
Gonidec
,
J. M.
Fox
,
P.
Jean-Remy
,
E.
Turnage
, and
G. M.
Whitesides
, “
Engineering shadows to fabricate optical metasurfaces
,”
ACS Nano
8
,
11061
11070
(
2014
).
16.
A.
Arbabi
,
Y.
Horie
,
M.
Bagheri
, and
A.
Faraon
, “
Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission
,”
Nat. Nanotechnol.
10
,
937
(
2015
).
17.
R.
Paniagua-Domínguez
,
Y. F.
Yu
,
A. E.
Miroshnichenko
,
L. A.
Krivitsky
,
Y. H.
Fu
,
V.
Valuckas
,
L.
Gonzaga
,
Y. T.
Toh
,
A. Y. S.
Kay
,
B.
Lukyanchuk
, and
A. I.
Kuznetsov
, “
Generalized Brewster effect in dielectric metasurfaces
,”
Nat. Commun.
7
,
10362
(
2016
).
18.
J.
Jin
,
J.
Luo
,
X.
Zhang
,
H.
Gao
,
X.
Li
,
M.
Pu
,
P.
Gao
,
Z.
Zhao
, and
X.
Luo
, “
Generation and detection of orbital angular momentum via metasurface
,”
Sci. Rep.
6
,
1
7
(
2016
).
19.
S. A.
Tretyakov
and
S. I.
Maslovski
, “
Thin absorbing structure for all incidence angles based on the use of a high-impedance surface
,”
Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.
38
,
175
178
(
2003
).
20.
H.
Tao
,
C. M.
Bingham
,
A. C.
Strikwerda
,
D.
Pilon
,
D.
Shrekenhamer
,
N. I.
Landy
,
K.
Fan
,
X.
Zhang
,
W. J.
Padilla
, and
R. D.
Averitt
, “
Highly flexible wide angle of incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication, and characterization
,”
Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
78
,
2
5
(
2008
).
21.
J.
Dai
,
F.
Ye
,
Y.
Chen
,
M.
Muhammed
,
M.
Qiu
, and
M.
Yan
, “
Light absorber based on nano-spheres on a substrate reflector
,”
Opt. Express
21
,
6697
6706
(
2013
).
22.
P.
Feng
,
W.
Li
, and
W.
Zhang
, “
Dispersion engineering of plasmonic nanocomposite for ultrathin broadband optical absorber
,”
Opt. Express
23
,
2328
2338
(
2015
).
23.
Y.
Ra’Di
,
V. S.
Asadchy
,
S. U.
Kosulnikov
,
M. M.
Omelyanovich
,
D.
Morits
,
A. V.
Osipov
,
C. R.
Simovski
, and
S. A.
Tretyakov
, “
Full light absorption in single arrays of spherical nanoparticles
,”
ACS Photonics
2
,
653
660
(
2015
).
24.
J.
Lin
,
P.
Genevet
,
M. A.
Kats
,
N.
Antoniou
, and
F.
Capasso
, “
Nanostructured holograms for broadband manipulation of vector beams
,”
Nano Lett.
13
,
4269
4274
(
2013
).
25.
D.
Lin
,
P.
Fan
,
E.
Hasman
, and
M. L.
Brongersma
, “
Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements
,”
Science
345
,
298
302
(
2014
).
26.
S.
Vo
,
D.
Fattal
,
W. V.
Sorin
,
Z.
Peng
,
T.
Tran
,
M.
Fiorentino
, and
R. G.
Beausoleil
, “
Sub-wavelength grating lenses with a twist
,”
IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
26
,
1375
1378
(
2014
).
27.
J. A.
Gordon
,
C. L.
Holloway
, and
A.
Dienstfrey
, “
A physical explanation of angle-independent reflection and transmission properties of metafilms/metasurfaces
,”
IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.
8
,
1127
1130
(
2009
).
28.
K.
Wang
,
J.
Zhao
,
Q.
Cheng
,
D. S.
Dong
, and
T. J.
Cui
, “
Broadband and broad-angle low-scattering metasurface based on hybrid optimization algorithm
,”
Sci. Rep.
4
,
5935
(
2014
).
29.
D.
Zaluški
,
A.
Grbic
, and
S.
Hrabar
, “
Analytical and experimental characterization of metasurfaces with normal polarizability
,”
Phys. Rev. B
93
,
155156
(
2016
).
30.
Z.
Li
and
K.
Aydin
, “
Broadband metasurfaces for anomalous transmission and spectrum splitting at visible frequencies
,”
EPJ Appl. Metamater.
2
,
2
(
2015
).
31.
A. I.
Kuznetsov
,
A. E.
Miroshnichenko
,
M. L.
Brongersma
,
Y. S.
Kivshar
, and
B.
Luk’yanchuk
, “
Optically resonant dielectric nanostructures
,”
Science
354
,
aag2472
(
2016
).
32.
D.
Aspnes
and
A.
Studna
, “
Dielectric functions and optical parameters of Si, Ge, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb from 1.5 to 6.0 eV
,”
Phys. Rev. B
27
,
985
(
1983
).
33.
E. D.
Palik
,
Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids
(
Academic Press
,
1998
), Vol. 3.
34.
B. E.
Saleh
and
M. C.
Teich
,
Fundamentals of Photonics
(
John Wiley & Sons
,
2019
).
35.
A. E.
Miroshnichenko
, “
Off-resonance field enhancement by spherical nanoshells
,”
Phys. Rev. A
81
,
1
5
(
2010
).
36.
A.
Mirzaei
,
A. E.
Miroshnichenko
,
I. V.
Shadrivov
, and
Y. S.
Kivshar
, “
All-dielectric multilayer cylindrical structures for invisibility cloaking
,”
Sci. Rep.
5
,
9574
(
2015
).
37.
S.
Oldenburg
,
R.
Averitt
,
S.
Westcott
, and
N.
Halas
, “
Nanoengineering of optical resonances
,”
Chem. Phys. Lett.
288
,
243
247
(
1998
).
38.
P.
Wang
,
A. V.
Krasavin
,
F. N.
Viscomi
,
A. N.
Adawi
,
J.-S. G.
Bouillard
,
L.
Zhang
,
D. J.
Roth
,
L.
Tong
, and
A. V.
Zayats
, “
Metaparticles: Dressing nano-objects with a hyperbolic coating
,”
Laser Photonics Rev.
12
,
1800179
(
2018
).
39.
G. V.
Naik
,
B.
Saha
,
J.
Liu
,
S. M.
Saber
,
E. A.
Stach
,
J. M. K.
Irudayaraj
,
T. D.
Sands
,
V. M.
Shalaev
, and
A.
Boltasseva
, “
Epitaxial superlattices with titanium nitride as a plasmonic component for optical hyperbolic metamaterials
,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
111
,
7546
7551
(
2014
).
You do not currently have access to this content.