Induced Pt ferromagnetism in epitaxial trilayer films has been investigated by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Pt -edges at various temperatures from to , including the metal-insulator transition temperature of ( ). At all the temperatures, we observed clear XMCD signals due to Pt ferromagnetism, the amplitude of which was determined to be at and at for the sample with the Pt thickness of . Interestingly, these values are comparable to or even greater than those in Pt/3 -ferromagnetic-metal (Fe, Ni, Co, and ) junction systems. The results can be interpreted in terms of a possible Fe interdiffusion into the Pt layer and also possible Fe-Pt alloying due to its high-temperature deposition.
REFERENCES
1.
F.
Hellman
, A.
Hoffmann
, Y.
Tserkovnyak
, G. S. D.
Beach
, E. E.
Fullerton
, C.
Leighton
, A. H.
MacDonald
, D. C.
Ralph
, D. A.
Arena
, H. A.
Dürr
, P.
Fischer
, J.
Grollier
, J. P.
Heremans
, T.
Jungwirth
, A. V.
Kimel
, B.
Koopmans
, I. N.
Krivorotov
, S. J.
May
, A. K.
Petford-Long
, J. M.
Rondinelli
, N.
Samarth
, I. K.
Schuller
, A. N.
Slavin
, M. D.
Stiles
, O.
Tchernyshyov
, A.
Thiaville
, and B. L.
Zink
, “Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
89
, 025006
(2017
). 2.
K.
Uchida
, H.
Adachi
, T.
Ota
, H.
Nakayama
, S.
Maekawa
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in magnetic insulators
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
97
, 172505
(2010
). 3.
K.
Uchida
, H.
Adachi
, T.
Kikkawa
, A.
Kirihara
, M.
Ishida
, S.
Yorozu
, S.
Maekawa
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Thermoelectric generation based on spin Seebeck effects
,” Proc. IEEE
104
, 1946
(2016
); K.
Uchida
, H.
Adachi
, T.
Kikkawa
, A.
Kirihara
, M.
Ishida
, S.
Yorozu
, S.
Maekawa
, and E.
Saitoh
Proc. IEEE
104
, 1499
(2016). 4.
H.
Nakayama
, M.
Althammer
, Y.-T.
Chen
, K.
Uchida
, Y.
Kajiwara
, D.
Kikuchi
, T.
Ohtani
, S.
Geprägs
, M.
Opel
, S.
Takahashi
, R.
Gross
, G. E. W.
Bauer
, S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Spin Hall magnetoresistance induced by a nonequilibrium proximity effect
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 206601
(2013
). 5.
Y.-T.
Chen
, S.
Takahashi
, H.
Nakayama
, M.
Althammer
, S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, E.
Saitoh
, and G. E. W.
Bauer
, “Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena
,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter
28
, 103004
(2016
). 6.
A.
Hoffmann
, “Spin Hall effects in metals
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
49
, 5172
(2013
). 7.
J.
Sinova
, S. O.
Valenzuela
, J.
Wunderlich
, C. H.
Back
, and T.
Jungwirth
, “Spin Hall effects
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
87
, 1213
(2015
). 8.
M.
Althammer
, S.
Meyer
, H.
Nakayama
, M.
Schreier
, S.
Altmannshofer
, M.
Weiler
, H.
Huebl
, S.
Geprägs
, M.
Opel
, R.
Gross
, D.
Meier
, C.
Klewe
, T.
Kuschel
, J.-M.
Schmalhorst
, G.
Reiss
, L.
Shen
, A.
Gupta
, Y.-T.
Chen
, G. E. W.
Bauer
, E.
Saitoh
, and S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, “Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids
,” Phys. Rev. B
87
, 224401
(2013
). 9.
S.
Geprägs
, A.
Kehlberger
, F. D.
Coletta
, Z.
Qiu
, E.-J.
Guo
, T.
Schulz
, C.
Mix
, S.
Meyer
, A.
Kamra
, M.
Althammer
, H.
Huebl
, G.
Jakob
, Y.
Ohnuma
, H.
Adachi
, J.
Barker
, S.
Maekawa
, G. E. W.
Bauer
, E.
Saitoh
, R.
Gross
, S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, and M.
Kläui
, “Origin of the spin Seebeck effect in compensated ferrimagnets
,” Nat. Commun.
7
, 10452
(2016
). 10.
D.
Meier
, T.
Kuschel
, L.
Shen
, A.
Gupta
, T.
Kikkawa
, K.
Uchida
, E.
Saitoh
, J.-M.
Schmalhorst
, and G.
Reiss
, “Thermally driven spin and charge currents in thin films
,” Phys. Rev. B
87
, 054421
(2013
). 11.
M.
Isasa
, A.
Bedoya-Pinto
, S.
Vélez
, F.
Golmar
, F.
Sánchez
, L. E.
Hueso
, J.
Fontcuberta
, and F.
Casanova
, “Spin Hall magnetoresistance at interfaces and texture effects
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
, 142402
(2014
). 12.
T.
Niizeki
, T.
Kikkawa
, K.
Uchida
, M.
Oka
, K. Z.
Suzuki
, H.
Yanagihara
, E.
Kita
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in cobalt-ferrite epitaxial thin films
,” AIP Adv.
5
, 053603
(2015
). 13.
E.-J.
Guo
, A.
Herklotz
, A.
Kehlberger
, J.
Cramer
, G.
Jakob
, and M.
Kläui
, “Thermal generation of spin current in epitaxial thin films
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
108
, 022403
(2016
). 14.
A.
Aqeel
, N.
Vlietstra
, J. A.
Heuver
, G. E. W.
Bauer
, B.
Noheda
, B. J.
van Wees
, and T. T. M.
Palstra
, “Spin-Hall magnetoresistance and spin Seebeck effect in spin-spiral and paramagnetic phases of multiferroic films
,” Phys. Rev. B
92
, 224410
(2015
). 15.
R.
Ramos
, T.
Kikkawa
, K.
Uchida
, H.
Adachi
, I.
Lucas
, M. H.
Aguirre
, P.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, S.
Maekawa
, E.
Saitoh
, and M. R.
Ibarra
, “Observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial thin films
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
, 072413
(2013
). 16.
S. M.
Wu
, J.
Hoffman
, J. E.
Pearson
, and A.
Bhattacharya
, “Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
, 092409
(2014
). 17.
R.
Ramos
, T.
Kikkawa
, M. H.
Aguirre
, I.
Lucas
, A.
Anadón
, T.
Oyake
, K.
Uchida
, H.
Adachi
, J.
Shiomi
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, S.
Maekawa
, E.
Saitoh
, and M. R.
Ibarra
, “Unconventional scaling and significant enhancement of the spin Seebeck effect in multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. B
92
, 220407(R)
(2015
). 18.
A.
Anadón
, R.
Ramos
, I.
Lucas
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, M. R.
Ibarra
, and M. H.
Aguirre
, “Characteristic length scale of the magnon accumulation in bilayer structures by incoherent thermal excitation
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
109
, 012404
(2016
). 19.
R.
Ramos
, A.
Anadón
, I.
Lucas
, K.
Uchida
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, M. H.
Aguirre
, E.
Saitoh
, and M. R.
Ibarra
, “Thermoelectric performance of spin Seebeck effect in /Pt-based thin film heterostructures
,” APL Mater.
4
, 104802
(2016
). 20.
R.
Ramos
, T.
Kikkawa
, A.
Anadón
, I.
Lucas
, K.
Uchida
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, M. H.
Aguirre
, E.
Saitoh
, and M. R.
Ibarra
, “Temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect in multilayers
,” AIP Adv.
7
, 055915
(2017
). 21.
R.
Ramos
, T.
Kikkawa
, A.
Anadón
, I.
Lucas
, T.
Niizeki
, K.
Uchida
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, M. H.
Aguirre
, M. R.
Ibarra
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Interface-induced anomalous Nernst effect in -based heterostructures
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
114
, 113902
(2019
). 22.
S. Y.
Huang
, X.
Fan
, D.
Qu
, Y. P.
Chen
, W. G.
Wang
, J.
Wu
, T. Y.
Chen
, J. Q.
Xiao
, and C. L.
Chien
, “Transport magnetic proximity effects in platinum
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
109
, 107204
(2012
). 23.
D.
Qu
, S. Y.
Huang
, J.
Hu
, R.
Wu
, and C. L.
Chien
, “Intrinsic spin Seebeck effect in
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 067206
(2013
). 24.
T.
Kikkawa
, K.
Uchida
, Y.
Shiomi
, Z.
Qiu
, D.
Hou
, D.
Tian
, H.
Nakayama
, X.-F.
Jin
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect free from the proximity Nernst effect
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 067207
(2013
). 25.
T.
Kikkawa
, K.
Uchida
, S.
Daimon
, Y.
Shiomi
, H.
Adachi
, Z.
Qiu
, D.
Hou
, X.-F.
Jin
, S.
Maekawa
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Separation of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect from anomalous Nernst effect: Determination of origin of transverse thermoelectric voltage in metal/insulator junctions
,” Phys. Rev. B
88
, 214403
(2013
). 26.
B. F.
Miao
, S. Y.
Huang
, D.
Qu
, and C. L.
Chien
, “Absence of anomalous Nernst effect in spin Seebeck effect of Pt/YIG
,” AIP Adv.
6
, 015018
(2016
). 27.
B. F.
Miao
, L.
Sun
, D.
Wu
, C. L.
Chien
, and H. F.
Ding
, “Magnetic scattering and spin-orbit coupling induced magnetoresistance in nonmagnetic heavy metal and magnetic insulator bilayer systems
,” Phys. Rev. B
94
, 174430
(2016
). 28.
G. Y.
Guo
, Q.
Niu
, and N.
Nagaosa
, “Anomalous Nernst and Hall effects in magnetized platinum and palladium
,” Phys. Rev. B
89
, 214406
(2014
). 29.
S.
Geprägs
, S.
Meyer
, S.
Altmannshofer
, M.
Opel
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Rogalev
, R.
Gross
, and S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, “Investigation of induced Pt magnetic polarization in bilayers
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
101
, 262407
(2012
). 30.
Y. M.
Lu
, Y.
Choi
, C. M.
Ortega
, X. M.
Cheng
, J. W.
Cai
, S. Y.
Huang
, L.
Sun
, and C. L.
Chien
, “Pt magnetic polarization on and magnetotransport characteristics
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 147207
(2013
). 31.
S.
Geprägs
, S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, M.
Schneider
, F.
Wilhelm
, K.
Ollefs
, A.
Rogalev
, M.
Opel
, and R.
Gross
, “Comment on ‘Pt magnetic polarization on and magnetotransport characteristics,’” e-print arXiv:1307.4869 (2013).32.
T.
Kuschel
, C.
Klewe
, J.-M.
Schmalhorst
, F.
Bertram
, O.
Kuschel
, T.
Schemme
, J.
Wollschläger
, S.
Francoual
, J.
Strempfer
, A.
Gupta
, M.
Meinert
, G.
Götz
, D.
Meier
, and G.
Reiss
, “Static magnetic proximity effect in and bilayers investigated by X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
115
, 097401
(2015
). 33.
T.
Kuschel
, C.
Klewe
, P.
Bougiatioti
, O.
Kuschel
, J.
Wollschläger
, L.
Bouchenoire
, S. D.
Brown
, J.-M.
Schmalhorst
, D.
Meier
, and G.
Reiss
, “Static magnetic proximity effect in layers on sputter-deposited and on of various thicknesses investigated by XRMR
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
52
, 4500104
(2016
). 34.
H.
Wu
, Q.
Zhang
, C.
Wan
, S. S.
Ali
, Z.
Yuan
, L.
You
, J.
Wang
, Y.
Choi
, and X.
Han
, “Spin Hall magnetoresistance in films
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
51
, 4100104
(2015
). 35.
M.
Valvidares
, N.
Dix
, M.
Isasa
, K.
Ollefs
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Rogalev
, F.
Sánchez
, E.
Pellegrin
, A.
Bedoya-Pinto
, P.
Gargiani
, L. E.
Hueso
, F.
Casanova
, and J.
Fontcuberta
, “Absence of magnetic proximity effects in magnetoresistive hybrid interfaces
,” Phys. Rev. B
93
, 214415
(2016
). 36.
T.
Kikkawa
, M.
Suzuki
, J.
Okabayashi
, K.
Uchida
, D.
Kikuchi
, Z.
Qiu
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Detection of induced paramagnetic moments in Pt on via x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
,” Phys. Rev. B
95
, 214416
(2017
). 37.
M.
Collet
, R.
Mattana
, J.-B.
Moussy
, K.
Ollefs
, S.
Collin
, C.
Deranlot
, A.
Anane
, V.
Cros
, F.
Petroff
, F.
Wilhelm
, and A.
Rogalev
, “Investigating magnetic proximity effects at ferrite/Pt interfaces
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
111
, 202401
(2017
). 38.
H. B.
Vasili
, M.
Gamino
, J.
Gàzquez
, F.
Sánchez
, M.
Valvidares
, P.
Gargiani
, E.
Pellegrin
, and J.
Fontcuberta
, “Magnetoresistance in hybrid bilayers controlled by competing spin accumulation and interfacial chemical reconstruction
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
10
, 12031
(2018
). 39.
K.
Uchida
, T.
Kikkawa
, T.
Seki
, T.
Oyake
, J.
Shiomi
, Z.
Qiu
, K.
Takanashi
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Enhancement of anomalous Nernst effects in metallic multilayers free from proximity-induced magnetism
,” Phys. Rev. B
92
, 054422
(2015
). 40.
J.
Stöhr
and H. C.
Siegmann
, Magnetism: From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics
(Springer
, New York
, 2006
).41.
S. W.
Lovesey
and S. P.
Collins
, X-Ray Scattering and Absorption by Magnetic Materials
(Clarendon
, Oxford
, 1996
).42.
G.
van der Laan
and A. I.
Figueroa
, “X-ray magnetic circular dichroism—A versatile tool to study magnetism
,” Coord. Chem. Rev.
277–278
, 95
(2014
). 43.
S.
Macke
and E.
Goering
, “Magnetic reflectometry of heterostructures
,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter
26
, 363201
(2014
). 44.
F.
Wilhelm
, P.
Poulopoulos
, G.
Ceballos
, H.
Wende
, K.
Baberschke
, P.
Srivastava
, D.
Benea
, H.
Ebert
, M.
Angelakeris
, N. K.
Flevaris
, D.
Niarchos
, A.
Rogalev
, and N. B.
Brookes
, “Layer-resolved magnetic moments in Ni/Pt multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
85
, 413
(2000
). 45.
P.
Poulopoulos
, F.
Wilhelm
, H.
Wende
, G.
Ceballos
, K.
Baberschke
, D.
Benea
, H.
Ebert
, M.
Angelakeris
, N. K.
Flevaris
, A.
Rogalev
, and N. B.
Brookes
, “X-ray magnetic circular dichroic magnetometry on Ni/Pt multilayers
,” J. Appl. Phys.
89
, 3874
(2001
). 46.
F.
Wilhelm
, P.
Poulopoulos
, H.
Wende
, A.
Scherz
, K.
Baberschke
, M.
Angelakeris
, N. K.
Flevaris
, and A.
Rogalev
, “Systematics of the induced magnetic moments in layers and the violation of the third Hund’s rule
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
87
, 207202
(2001
). 47.
H.
Wende
, “Recent advances in x-ray absorption spectroscopy
,” Rep. Prog. Phys.
67
, 2105
(2004
). 48.
M.
Suzuki
, H.
Muraoka
, Y.
Inaba
, H.
Miyagawa
, N.
Kawamura
, T.
Shimatsu
, H.
Maruyama
, N.
Ishimatsu
, Y.
Isohama
, and Y.
Sonobe
, “Depth profile of spin and orbital magnetic moments in a subnanometer Pt film on Co
,” Phys. Rev. B
72
, 054430
(2005
). 49.
A.
Vlachos
, V.
Kapaklis
, M.
Angelakeris
, E. Th.
Papaioannou
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Rogalev
, and P.
Poulopoulos
, “Induced magnetic moments of 4 and 5 elements in thin films and multilayers by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
,” J. Surf. Interface Mater.
2
, 8
(2014
). 50.
A. I.
Figueroa
, J.
Bartolomé
, L. M.
García
, F.
Bartolomé
, O.
Bunău
, J.
Stankiewicz
, L.
Ruiz
, J. M.
González-Calbet
, F.
Petroff
, C.
Deranlot
, S.
Pascarelli
, P.
Bencok
, N. B.
Brookes
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Smekhova
, and A.
Rogalev
, “Structural and magnetic properties of granular Co-Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
,” Phys. Rev. B
90
, 174421
(2014
). 51.
A.
Rogalev
and F.
Wilhelm
, “Magnetic circular dichroism in the hard X-ray range
,” Phys. Met. Metallogr.
116
, 1285
(2015
). 52.
C.
Klewe
, T.
Kuschel
, J.-M.
Schmalhorst
, F.
Bertram
, O.
Kuschel
, J.
Wollschläger
, J.
Strempfer
, M.
Meinert
, and G.
Reiss
, “Static magnetic proximity effect in bilayers investigated by x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity
,” Phys. Rev. B
93
, 214440
(2016
). 53.
M.
Caminale
, A.
Ghosh
, S.
Auffret
, U.
Ebels
, K.
Ollefs
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Rogalev
, and W. E.
Bailey
, “Spin pumping damping and magnetic proximity effect in Pd and Pt spin-sink layers
,” Phys. Rev. B
94
, 014414
(2016
). 54.
C.
Antoniak
, J.
Lindner
, M.
Spasova
, D.
Sudfeld
, M.
Acet
, M.
Farle
, K.
Fauth
, U.
Wiedwald
, H.-G.
Boyen
, P.
Ziemann
, F.
Wilhelm
, A.
Rogalev
, and S.
Sun
, “Enhanced orbital magnetism in nanoparticles
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
97
, 117201
(2006
). 55.
S.
Miwa
, M.
Suzuki
, M.
Tsujikawa
, K.
Matsuda
, T.
Nozaki
, K.
Tanaka
, T.
Tsukahara
, K.
Nawaoka
, M.
Goto
, Y.
Kotani
, T.
Ohkubo
, F.
Bonell
, E.
Tamura
, K.
Hono
, T.
Nakamura
, M.
Shirai
, S.
Yuasa
, and Y.
Suzuki
, “Voltage controlled interfacial magnetism through platinum orbits
,” Nat. Commun.
8
, 15848
(2017
). 56.
K.
Ikeda
, T.
Seki
, G.
Shibata
, T.
Kadono
, K.
Ishigami
, Y.
Takahashi
, M.
Horio
, S.
Sakamoto
, Y.
Nonaka
, M.
Sakamaki
, K.
Amemiya
, N.
Kawamura
, M.
Suzuki
, K.
Takanashi
, and A.
Fujimori
, “Magnetic anisotropy of -ordered FePt thin films studied by Fe and Pt -edges x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
111
, 142402
(2017
). 57.
Z.
Szotek
, W. M.
Temmerman
, D.
Ködderitzsch
, A.
Svane
, L.
Petit
, and H.
Winter
, “Electronic structures of normal and inverse spinel ferrites from first principles
,” Phys. Rev. B
74
, 174431
(2006
). 58.
A.
Rogalev
, J.
Goulon
, F.
Wilhelm
, Ch.
Brouder
, A.
Yaresko
, J.
Ben Youssef
, and M. V.
Indenbom
, “Element selective X-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroisms in ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet films
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
321
, 3945
(2009
). 59.
X.
Liang
, Y.
Zhu
, B.
Peng
, L.
Deng
, J.
Xie
, H.
Lu
, M.
Wu
, and L.
Bi
, “Influence of interface structure on magnetic proximity effect in heterostructures
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
8
, 8175
(2016
). 60.
61.
K.
Uchida
, R.
Iguchi
, S.
Daimon
, R.
Ramos
, A.
Anadón
, I.
Lucas
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, M. H.
Aguirre
, M. R.
Ibarra
, and E.
Saitoh
, “Enhancement of the spin Peltier effect in multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. B
95
, 184437
(2017
). 62.
J. M.
De Teresa
, A.
Fernández-Pacheco
, L.
Morellón
, J.
Orna
, J. A.
Pard
, D.
Serrate
, P. A.
Algarabel
, and M. R.
Ibarra
, “Magnetotransport properties of thin films for applications in spin electronics
,” Microelectron. Eng.
84
, 1660
(2007
). 63.
J.
Orna
, P. A.
Algarabel
, L.
Morellón
, J. A.
Pardo
, J. M.
De Teresa
, R.
López Antón
, F.
Bartolomé
, L. M.
García
, J.
Bartolomé
, J. C.
Cezar
, and A.
Wildes
, “Origin of the giant magnetic moment in epitaxial thin films
,” Phys. Rev. B
81
, 144420
(2010
). 64.
S.
Tanuma
, C. J.
Powell
, and D. R.
Penn
, “Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. IX. Data for 41 elemental solids over the 50 eV to 30 keV range
,” Surf. Interface Anal.
43
, 689
(2011
). 65.
M.
Ziese
and H. J.
Blythe
, “Magnetoresistance of magnetite
,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter
12
, 13
(2000
). 66.
A.
Bollero
, M.
Ziese
, R.
Höhne
, H. C.
Semmelhack
, U.
Köhler
, A.
Setzer
, and P.
Esquinazi
, “Influence of thickness on microstructural and magnetic properties in thin films produced by PLD
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
285
, 279
(2005
). 67.
L. F.
Mattheiss
and R. E.
Dietz
, “Relativistic tight-binding calculation of core-valence transitions in Pt and Au
,” Phys. Rev. B
22
, 1663
(1980
). 68.
J.
Bartolomé
, F.
Bartolomé
, L. M.
García
, E.
Roduner
, Y.
Akdogan
, F.
Wilhelm
, and A.
Rogalev
, “Magnetization of clusters supported in a NaY zeolite: A XANES and XMCD study
,” Phys. Rev. B
80
, 014404
(2009
). 69.
B. T.
Thole
, P.
Carra
, F.
Sette
, and G.
van der Laan
, “X-ray circular dichroism as a probe of orbital magnetization
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
68
, 1943
(1992
). 70.
P.
Carra
, B. T.
Thole
, M.
Altarelli
, and X.
Wang
, “X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
70
, 694
(1993
). 71.
Since the XMCD sum rules give an average value of magnetic moments in a Pt film and the proximity-induced Pt ferromagnetism is confined in the vicinity of the Pt/ferromagnet interface,47 the value increases (decreases) with decreasing (increasing) Pt thickness. On the other hand, in the case of the XRMR, since the spatial profile of the Pt magnetic moment is computed in analysis processes, the derived value is independent of the Pt thickness.52
72.
73.
P.
Bougiatioti
, O.
Manos
, O.
Kuschel
, J.
Wollschläger
, M.
Tolkiehn
, S.
Francoual
, and T.
Kuschel
, “Impact of magnetic moment and anisotropy of thin films on the magnetic proximity effect of Pt,” e-print arXiv:1807.09032 (2018).© 2019 Author(s).
2019
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.