We investigate the magnetoelastic properties of and thin films by measuring the mechanical properties of a doubly clamped string resonator covered with multilayer stacks containing these films. For the magnetostrictive constants, we find and at room temperature, in contrast to the positive magnetostriction previously found in bulk CoFe crystals. thin films unite low damping and sizable magnetostriction and are thus a prime candidate for micromechanical magnonic applications, such as sensors and hybrid phonon-magnon systems.
REFERENCES
1.
S.
Mangin
, D.
Ravelosona
, J. A.
Katine
, M. J.
Carey
, B. D.
Terris
, and E. E.
Fullerton
, “Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy
,” Nat. Mater.
5
, 210
–215
(2006
). 2.
S.
Krause
, L.
Berbil-Bautista
, G.
Herzog
, M.
Bode
, and R.
Wiesendanger
, “Current-induced magnetization switching with a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope
,” Science
317
, 1537
–1540
(2007
). 3.
T.
Yang
, T.
Kimura
, and Y.
Otani
, “Giant spin-accumulation signal and pure spin-current-induced reversible magnetization switching
,” Nat. Phys.
4
, 851
–854
(2008
). 4.
I. M.
Miron
, K.
Garello
, G.
Gaudin
, P.-J.
Zermatten
, M. V.
Costache
, S.
Auffret
, S.
Bandiera
, B.
Rodmacq
, A.
Schuhl
, and P.
Gambardella
, “Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection
,” Nature
476
, 189
–193
(2011
). 5.
L.
Liu
, O. J.
Lee
, T. J.
Gudmundsen
, D. C.
Ralph
, and R. A.
Buhrman
, “Current-induced switching of perpendicularly magnetized magnetic layers using spin torque from the spin Hall effect
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
109
, 096602
(2012
). 6.
M.
Weiler
, A.
Brandlmaier
, S.
Geprägs
, M.
Althammer
, M.
Opel
, C.
Bihler
, H.
Huebl
, M.
Brandt
, R.
Gross
, and S.
Goennenwein
, “Voltage controlled inversion of magnetic anisotropy in a ferromagnetic thin film at room temperature
,” New J. Phys.
11
, 013021
(2009
). 7.
A.
Brandlmaier
, S.
Geprägs
, G.
Woltersdorf
, R.
Gross
, and S.
Goennenwein
, “Nonvolatile, reversible electric-field controlled switching of remanent magnetization in multifunctional ferromagnetic/ferroelectric hybrids
,” J. Appl. Phys.
110
, 043913
(2011
). 8.
N. A.
Spaldin
and M.
Fiebig
, “The renaissance of magnetoelectric multiferroics
,” Science
309
, 391
–392
(2005
). 9.
L.
Martin
and R.
Ramesh
, “Multiferroic and magnetoelectric heterostructures
,” Acta Mater.
60
, 2449
–2470
(2012
). 10.
L.
Dreher
, M.
Weiler
, M.
Pernpeintner
, H.
Huebl
, R.
Gross
, M. S.
Brandt
, and S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, “Surface acoustic wave driven ferromagnetic resonance in nickel thin films: Theory and experiment
,” Phys. Rev. B
86
, 134415
(2012
). 11.
M.
Weiler
, L.
Dreher
, C.
Heeg
, H.
Huebl
, R.
Gross
, M. S.
Brandt
, and S. T.
Goennenwein
, “Elastically driven ferromagnetic resonance in nickel thin films
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
106
, 117601
(2011
). 12.
P. G.
Gowtham
, T.
Moriyama
, D. C.
Ralph
, and R. A.
Buhrman
, “Traveling surface spin-wave resonance spectroscopy using surface acoustic waves
,” J. Appl. Phys.
118
, 233910
(2015
). 13.
C.
Chang
, R.
Tamming
, T.
Broomhall
, J.
Janusonis
, P.
Fry
, R.
Tobey
, and T.
Hayward
, “Selective excitation of localized spin-wave modes by optically pumped surface acoustic waves
,” Phys. Rev. Appl.
10
, 034068
(2018
). 14.
C. A.
Grimes
, S. C.
Roy
, S.
Rani
, and Q.
Cai
, “Theory, instrumentation and applications of magnetoelastic resonance sensors: A review
,” Sensors
11
, 2809
–2844
(2011
). 15.
M. A. W.
Schoen
, D.
Thonig
, M. L.
Schneider
, T. J.
Silva
, H. T.
Nembach
, O.
Eriksson
, O.
Karis
, and J. M.
Shaw
, “Ultra-low magnetic damping of a metallic ferromagnet
,” Nat. Phys.
12
, 839
–842
(2016
). 16.
M. A. W.
Schoen
, J.
Lucassen
, H. T.
Nembach
, T. J.
Silva
, B.
Koopmans
, C. H.
Back
, and J. M.
Shaw
, “Magnetic properties of ultrathin 3d transition-metal binary alloys. I. spin and orbital moments, anisotropy, and confirmation of Slater-Pauling behavior
,” Phys. Rev. B
95
, 134410
(2017
). 17.
L.
Flacke
, L.
Liensberger
, M.
Althammer
, H.
Huebl
, S.
Geprägs
, K.
Schultheiss
, A.
Buzdakov
, T.
Hula
, H.
Schultheiss
, E. R. J.
Edwards
, H. T.
Nembach
, J. M.
Shaw
, R.
Gross
, and M.
Weiler
, “New spin-wave propagation length scales in low damping metallic ferromagnets,” e-print arxiv.org/abs/1904.11321v1.18.
M.
Collet
, O.
Gladii
, M.
Evelt
, V.
Bessonov
, L.
Soumah
, P.
Bortolotti
, S.
Demokritov
, Y.
Henry
, V.
Cros
, and M.
Bailleul
et al., Spin-wave propagation in ultra-thin YIG based waveguides
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
110
, 092408
(2017
). 19.
R. C.
Hall
, “Single crystal anisotropy and magnetostriction constants of several ferromagnetic materials including alloys of NiFe, SiFe, AlFe, CoNi and CoFe
,” J. Appl. Phys.
30
, 1
(1959
). 20.
D.
Hunter
, W.
Osborn
, K.
Wang
, N.
Kazantseva
, J.
Hattrick-Simpers
, R.
Suchoski
, R.
Takahashi
, M. L.
Young
, A.
Mehta
, L. A.
Bendersky
, S. E.
Lofland
, M.
Wuttig
, and I.
Takeuchi
, “Giant magnetostriction in annealed thin-films
,” Nat. Commun.
2
, 518
(2011
). 21.
E.
Quandt
and A.
Ludwig
, “Giant magnetostrictive multilayers
,” J. Appl. Phys.
85
, 6232
–6237
(1999
). 22.
E.
Quandt
and A.
Ludwig
, “Magnetostrictive actuation in microsystems
,” Sens. Actuators A Phys.
81
, 275
–280
(2000
). 23.
E.
Quandt
, A.
Ludwig
, D.
Lord
, and C.
Faunce
, “Magnetic properties and microstructure of giant magnetostrictive TbFe/FeCo multilayers
,” J. Appl. Phys.
83
, 7267
–7269
(1998
). 24.
A.
Ludwig
, M.
Tewes
, S.
Glasmachers
, M.
Löhndorf
, and E.
Quandt
, “High-frequency magnetoelastic materials for remote-interrogated stress sensors
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
242
, 1126
–1131
(2002
). 25.
H. D.
Chopra
, M. R.
Sullivan
, A.
Ludwig
, and E.
Quandt
, “Magnetoelastic and magnetostatic interactions in exchange-spring multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. B
72
, 054415
(2005
). 26.
F.
Johnson
, H.
Garmestani
, S.
Chu
, M.
McHenry
, and D.
Laughlin
, “Induced anisotropy in FeCo-based nanocrystalline ferromagnetic alloys (HITPERM) by very high field annealing
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
40
, 2697
–2699
(2004
). 27.
M.
Cooke
, M.
Gibbs
, and R.
Pettifer
, “Sputter deposition of compositional gradient magnetostrictive FeCo based thin films
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
237
, 175
–180
(2001
). 28.
M.
Cooke
, L.
Wang
, R.
Watts
, R.
Zuberek
, G.
Heydon
, W.
Rainforth
, and G.
Gehring
, “The effect of thermal treatment, composition and substrate on the texture and magnetic properties of FeCo thin films
,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
33
, 1450
(2000
). 29.
R.
Żuberek
, A.
Wawro
, H.
Szymczak
, A.
Wisniewski
, W.
Paszkowicz
, and M.
Gibbs
, “Magnetostriction and magnetic anisotropy of FeCo/Au multilayers
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
214
, 155
–158
(2000
). 30.
C.-Y.
Hung
, M.
Mao
, S.
Funada
, T.
Schneider
, L.
Miloslavsky
, M.
Miller
, C.
Qian
, and H.
Tong
, “Magnetic properties of ultrathin NiFe and CoFe films
,” J. Appl. Phys.
87
, 6618
–6620
(2000
). 31.
Y.
Cheng
, A. J.
Lee
, J. T.
Brangham
, S. P.
White
, W. T.
Ruane
, P. C.
Hammel
, and F.
Yang
, “Thickness and angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance of ultra-low damping Co25Fe75 epitaxial films
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
113
, 262403
(2018
). 32.
M.
Pernpeintner
, R. B.
Holländer
, M. J.
Seitner
, E. M.
Weig
, R.
Gross
, S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, and H.
Huebl
, “A versatile platform for magnetostriction measurements in thin films
,” J. Appl. Phys.
119
, 093901
(2016
). 33.
S.
Timoshenko
, W.
Weaver
, and D.
Young
, Vibration Problems in Engineering
, 5th ed. (John Wiley and Sons
, New York
, 1990
).34.
S. S.
Verbridge
, J. M.
Parpia
, R. B.
Reichenbach
, L. M.
Bellan
, and H. G.
Craighead
, “High quality factor resonance at room temperature with nanostrings under high tensile stress
,” J. Appl. Phys.
99
, 124304
(2006
). 35.
R.
Gross
and A.
Marx
, Festkörperphysik
(De Gruyter Oldenbourg
, 2012
).36.
S.
Chikazumi
, Physics of Ferromagnetism
, International Series of Monographs on Physics (Clarendon Press
, 1997
).37.
An active calibration of the mechanical amplitude was not possible with this sample. The mechanical amplitude was estimated using geometrically similar samples from pre-stressed SiN and pre-stressed Al.
38.
M. J.
Seitner
, K.
Gajo
, and E. M.
Weig
, “Damping of metallized bilayer nanomechanical resonators at room temperature
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
, 213101
(2014
). 39.
F.
Hoehne
, Y. A.
Pashkin
, O.
Astafiev
, L.
Faoro
, L.
Ioffe
, Y.
Nakamura
, and J.
Tsai
, “Damping in high-frequency metallic nanomechanical resonators
,” Phys. Rev. B
81
, 184112
(2010
). 40.
F.
Cardarelli
, “Ferrous metals and their alloys,” in Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference (Springer, New York, 2018), pp. 101–248.41.
E. R.
Edwards
, H. T.
Nembach
, and J. M.
Shaw
, “CoFe thin films with ultralow total damping of ferromagnetic resonance
,” Phys. Rev. Appl.
11
, 054036
(2019
). 42.
M.
Pernpeintner
, “Nanomechanical Hybrid Systems,” Ph.D. thesis (Technical University of Munich, 2016).43.
A. N.
Cleland
, Foundations of Nanomechanics: From Solid-state Theory to Device Applications
(Springer Science & Business Media
, 2003
).44.
J.
Davis
, D.
Vick
, D.
Fortin
, J.
Burgess
, W.
Hiebert
, and M.
Freeman
, “Nanotorsional resonator torque magnetometry
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
96
, 072513
(2010
). 45.
F.
Jiménez-Villacorta
, A.
Espinosa
, E.
Céspedes
, and C.
Prieto
, “Magnetic properties and short-range structure analysis of granular cobalt silicon nitride multilayers
,” J. Appl. Phys.
110
, 113909
(2011
). 46.
S. S.
Kalarickal
, P.
Krivosik
, M.
Wu
, C. E.
Patton
, M. L.
Schneider
, P.
Kabos
, T. J.
Silva
, and J. P.
Nibarger
, “Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in metallic thin films: Comparison of measurement methods
,” J. Appl. Phys.
99
, 093909
(2006
). 47.
R.
Ohshima
, S.
Klingler
, S.
Dushenko
, Y.
Ando
, M.
Weiler
, H.
Huebl
, T.
Shinjo
, S. T.
Goennenwein
, and M.
Shiraishi
, “Spin injection into silicon detected by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
110
, 182402
(2017
). © 2019 Author(s).
2019
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
