In this study, we determine with improved accuracy the complex index of refraction n = 1 − δ + iβ of sputtered chromium thin films for photon energies ranging from 25 eV to 813 eV. These data include the first absolute measurements of the absorption fine structure near the Cr-L edge. First, we verified by combining Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and grazing-incidence x-ray reflectometry that the sputtered thin films were pure Cr with a density consistent with tabulated values. Then, we demonstrated that the Cr surface oxide layer remains stable when the samples are exposed to air for up to 4 years. The Cr absorption coefficient β was determined from the transmittance of freestanding Cr thin films with various thicknesses, measured at the ALS synchrotron radiation source. A model is proposed to correct the transmittance data from the spectral contamination of the source. Finally, we used the new β values, combined with theoretical and tabulated data from the literature, in order to calculate the δ values by the Kramers-Kronig relation. The improvement in the accuracy of β values is demonstrated by the f-sum rule. An additional validation of the new Cr optical constants (δ, β) is performed by comparing the simulated and experimental reflectance of a Cr/B4C multilayer mirror near the Cr-L2,3 edge.
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21 July 2018
Research Article|
July 19 2018
Soft x-ray optical constants of sputtered chromium thin films with improved accuracy in the L and M absorption edge regions Available to Purchase
Franck Delmotte;
Franck Delmotte
1
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay
, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
2
Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, 2-400 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Julia Meyer-Ilse;
Julia Meyer-Ilse
2
Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, 2-400 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Farhad Salmassi;
Farhad Salmassi
2
Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, 2-400 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Regina Soufli;
Regina Soufli
1
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay
, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
3
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Catherine Burcklen;
Catherine Burcklen
3
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Jennifer Rebellato;
Jennifer Rebellato
1
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay
, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Arnaud Jérome;
Arnaud Jérome
1
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay
, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Ian Vickridge
;
Ian Vickridge
4
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris
, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Emrick Briand;
Emrick Briand
4
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris
, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Eric Gullikson
Eric Gullikson
2
Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, 2-400 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Franck Delmotte
1,2
Julia Meyer-Ilse
2
Farhad Salmassi
2
Regina Soufli
1,3
Catherine Burcklen
3
Jennifer Rebellato
1
Arnaud Jérome
1
Ian Vickridge
4
Emrick Briand
4
Eric Gullikson
2
1
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay
, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
2
Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, 2-400 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
3
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
4
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris
, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
J. Appl. Phys. 124, 035107 (2018)
Article history
Received:
March 02 2018
Accepted:
July 01 2018
Citation
Franck Delmotte, Julia Meyer-Ilse, Farhad Salmassi, Regina Soufli, Catherine Burcklen, Jennifer Rebellato, Arnaud Jérome, Ian Vickridge, Emrick Briand, Eric Gullikson; Soft x-ray optical constants of sputtered chromium thin films with improved accuracy in the L and M absorption edge regions. J. Appl. Phys. 21 July 2018; 124 (3): 035107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5027488
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