Design principle of high-performance organic single-crystal light-emitting devices

Organic semiconductor crystals exhibit unique optoelectronic characteristics such as high carrier mobility and laser oscillation. Nonetheless, it remains difficult thus far to achieve such potential activities on an optical device configuration mainly because of lack of knowledge of optical parameters such as refractive indices and their dispersion. Here, we demonstrate a simple but powerful design principle of high-performance organic single-crystal light-emitting devices. The method is based upon observation of emission-angle dependent spectra produced from an organic slab single crystal equipped with a one-dimensional diffraction grating. The emission spectra are characterized by sharply resolved lines whose locations are blueshifted or redshifted as a function of the emission angles. Detailed analysis of these emission lines has enabled us to solve equations of electromagnetic wave motion within and outside the slab crystal and to get solutions under appropriate boundary conditions. The design principle also allows us to relate crystal thicknesses and orders of both longitudinal and transverse modes of emission. Thus, we have been able to optimize the geometry of a slab organic crystal in an organic light-emitting device configuration. The relevant knowledge can directly be used for designing an organic laser either optically excited or electrically excited.