Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with three types of double anode buffer layers (DABLs), i.e., 4.5 nm hole-transport material 4,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl layer, 1 nm electron-transport material Bphen, and 1 nm typical insulator LiF layer, respectively, deposited onto 10 nm MoO3 layer, were fabricated. All these three DABLs can improve the efficiency of CuPc/C60 based planar heterojunction OPV, especially with about 10% enhancement of short-circuit current (ISC). Based on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements, a mechanism of depressing harmful exciton dissociation at the MoO3/CuPc interface has been proposed. This harmful dissociation results in exciton loss within the CuPc layer, while a proper ultrathin layer inserted at MoO3/CuPc interface can effectively depress the dissociation and thus improve the total photocurrent.
References
1.
J.
Meyer
, S.
Hamwi
, M.
Kroger
, W.
Kowalsky
, T.
Riedl
, and A.
Kahn
, “Transition metal oxides for organic electronics: energetics, device physics and applications
,” Adv. Mater.
24
, 5408
(2012
).2.
H. J.
Bolink
, E.
Coronado
, J.
Orozco
, and M.
Sessolo
, “Efficient polymer light-emitting diode using air-stable metal oxides as electrodes
,” Adv. Mater.
21
, 79
(2009
).3.
F. M.
Liu
, S. Y.
Shao
, X. Y.
Guo
, Y.
Zhao
, and Z. Y.
Xie
, “Efficient polymer photovoltaic cells using solution-processed MoO3 as anode buffer layer
,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
94
, 842
(2010
).4.
H.
You
, Y. F.
Dai
, Z. Q.
Zhang
, and D. G.
Ma
, “Improved performances of organic light-emitting diodes with metal oxide as anode buffer
,” J. Appl. Phys.
101
, 026105
(2007
).5.
C.
Tao
, S. P.
Ruan
, X. D.
Zhang
, G. H.
Xie
, L.
Shen
, X. Z.
Kong
, W.
Dong
, C. X.
Liu
, and W. Y.
Chen
, “Performance improvement of inverted polymer solar cells with different top electrodes by introducing a MoO3 buffer layer
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
93
, 193307
(2008
).6.
C.
Girotto
, E.
Voroshazi
, D.
Cheyns
, P.
Heremans
, and B. P.
Rand
, “Solution-processed MoO3 thin films as a hole-injection layer for organic solar cells
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
3
, 3244
(2011
).7.
S.
Murase
and Y.
Yang
, “Solution processed MoO3 interfacial layer for organic photovoltaics prepared by a facile synthesis method
,” Adv. Mater.
24
, 2459
(2012
).8.
M.
Vosgueritchian
, D. J.
Lipomi
, and Z. N.
Bao
, “Highly conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS films with a fluorosurfactant for stretchable and flexible transparent electrodes
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
22
, 421
(2012
).9.
A. W.
Hains
, J.
Liu
, A. B. F.
Martinson
, M. D.
Irwin
, and T. J.
Marks
, “Anode interfacial tuning via electron-blocking/hole-transport layers and indium tin oxide surface treatment in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
20
, 595
(2010
).10.
X. W.
Yan
, B.
Chu
, W. L.
Li
, Z. S.
Su
, T. Y.
Zhang
, F. M.
Jin
, B.
Zhao
, F.
Zhang
, D.
Fan
, Y.
Gao
, T.
Tsuboi
, J. B.
Wang
, H. J.
Pi
, and J. Z.
Zhu
, “Improved photovoltaic characteristics of organic cells with heterointerface layer as a hole-extraction layer inserted between ITO anode and donor layer
,” Org. Electron.
14
, 1805
(2013
).11.
J.
Subbiah
, D. Y.
Kim
, M.
Hartel
, and F.
So
, “MoO3/poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-[4-(3-methylpropyl)]-diphenylamine) double-interlayer effect on polymer solar cells
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
96
, 063303
(2010
).12.
F.
Cheng
, G. J.
Fang
, X.
Fan
, N. S.
Liu
, N. H.
Sun
, P. L.
Qin
, Q.
Zheng
, J. W.
Wan
, and X. Z.
Zhao
, “Enhancing the short-circuit current and efficiency of organic solar cells using MoO3 and CuPc as buffer layers
,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
95
, 2914
(2011
).13.
C. J.
Huang
, J. C.
Ke
, W. R.
Chen
, T. H.
Meen
, and C. F.
Yang
, “Improved the efficiency of small molecule organic solar cell by double anode buffer layers
,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
95
, 3460
(2011
).14.
P. H.
Huang
, C. J.
Huang
, K. L.
Chen
, J. C.
Ke
, Y. H.
Wang
, and C. C.
Kang
, “Improved reliability of small molecule organic solar cells by double anode buffer layers
,” J. Nanomater.
2014
, 741761
.15.
X.
Xi
, Q. L.
Meng
, F. X.
Li
, Y. Q.
Ding
, J. J.
Ji
, Z. R.
Shi
, and G. H.
Li
, “The characteristics of the small molecule organic solar cells with PEDOT:PSS/LiF double anode buffer layer system
,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
94
, 623
(2010
).16.
D.
Wang
, J.
Wang
, L. L.
Li
, Q. S.
An
, H.
Huang
, C. Q.
Jiao
, Y.
Liu
, and F. J.
Zhang
, “Ultrathin anode buffer layer for enhancing performance of polymer solar cells
,” Int. J. Photoenergy
2014
, 846581
.17.
W.
Tress
, K.
Leo
, and M.
Riede
, “Influence of hole-transport layers and donor materials on open-circuit voltage and shape of I-V curves of organic solar cells
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
21
, 2140
(2011
).18.
W. B.
Li
, H. M.
Yu
, J. W.
Zhang
, Y.
Yao
, C. Q.
Wu
, and X. Y.
Hou
, “Photoinduced injection enhancement in fullerene-based organic solar cell originates from exciton-electron interaction
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
118
, 11928
(2014
).19.
X. Q.
Chen
and B.
Wu
, “High-bandwidth, high-sampling-rate, low-noise, two-probe transient photovoltage measuring system
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
86
, 013905
(2015
).20.
X. Y.
Sun
, Q. L.
Song
, M. L.
Wang
, X. M.
Ding
, X. Y.
Hou
, Z. G.
Zhou
, and F. Y.
Li
, “The dissociation of excitons at indium tin oxide-copper phthalocyanine interface in organic solar cells
,” J. Appl. Phys.
104
, 103702
(2008
).21.
M. T.
Greiner
, M. G.
Helander
, W. M.
Tang
, Z. B.
Wang
, J.
Qiu
, and Z. H.
Lu
, “Universal energy-level alignment of molecules on metal oxides
,” Nat. Mater.
11
, 76
(2012
).22.
Q. L.
Song
, H. R.
Wu
, X. M.
Ding
, X. Y.
Hou
, F. Y.
Li
, and Z. G.
Zhou
, “Exciton dissociation at indium tin oxide-N,N′-Bis(naphthalen-1-ul)-N,N′-bis(phenyl) benzidine interface: A transient photovoltage study
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
88
, 232101
(2006
).23.
B.
Wu
, Z. H.
Wu
, H. L.
Tam
, and F. R.
Zhu
, “Contrary interfacial exciton dissociation at metal/organic interface in regular and reverse configuration organic solar cells
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
, 103302
(2014
).24.
Q. M.
Shi
, Y. B.
Hou
, Y. B.
Li
, Z. H.
Feng
, and X. J.
Liu
, “Wavelength dependence of transient photovoltage polarity
,” Phys. Lett. A
372
, 5853
(2008
).© 2016 Author(s).
2016
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
