Thymine (2-oxy-4-oxy-5 methyl pyrimidine) is one of the four nucleobases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the DNA molecule, thymine binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds, thus stabilizing the nucleic acid structure and is involved in pairing and replication. Here, we show that synthetic thymine microcrystals grown from the solution exhibit local piezoelectricity and apparent ferroelectricity, as evidenced by nanoscale electromechanical measurements via Piezoresponse Force Microscopy. Our experimental results demonstrate significant electromechanical activity and polarization switchability of thymine, thus opening a pathway for piezoelectric and ferroelectric-based applications of thymine and, perhaps, of other DNA nucleobase materials. The results are supported by molecular modeling of polarization switching under an external electric field.
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21 August 2015
Research Article|
August 19 2015
Local piezoresponse and polarization switching in nucleobase thymine microcrystals
Igor Bdikin
;
Igor Bdikin
a)
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation,
University of Aveiro
, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Alejandro Heredia
;
Alejandro Heredia
2Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
, Circuito Exterior C.U. Apdo. Postal 70-543, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
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Sabine M. Neumayer;
Sabine M. Neumayer
3School of Physics,
University College Dublin
, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
4Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research,
University College Dublin
, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Vladimir S. Bystrov;
Vladimir S. Bystrov
b)
5Department of Physics and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials,
University of Aveiro
, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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José Gracio;
José Gracio
c)
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation,
University of Aveiro
, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Brian J. Rodriguez
;
Brian J. Rodriguez
3School of Physics,
University College Dublin
, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
4Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research,
University College Dublin
, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Andrei L. Kholkin
Andrei L. Kholkin
d)
5Department of Physics and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials,
University of Aveiro
, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: bdikin@ua.pt
b)
Also with Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Puschino, Moscow District, Russia.
c)
Deceased 11 October 2014.
d)
Also with Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia.
J. Appl. Phys. 118, 072007 (2015)
Article history
Received:
October 25 2014
Accepted:
February 24 2015
Citation
Igor Bdikin, Alejandro Heredia, Sabine M. Neumayer, Vladimir S. Bystrov, José Gracio, Brian J. Rodriguez, Andrei L. Kholkin; Local piezoresponse and polarization switching in nucleobase thymine microcrystals. J. Appl. Phys. 21 August 2015; 118 (7): 072007. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927806
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