We present a detailed experimental study on how magnetic and electronic properties of Rb,K-intercalated C60 encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes called peapods can be derived from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigations. Ring currents do play a basic role in those systems; in particular, the inner cavities of nanotubes offer an ideal environment to investigate the magnetism at the nanoscale. We report the largest diamagnetic shifts down to −68.3 ppm ever observed in carbon allotropes, which is connected to the enhancement of the aromaticity of the nanotube envelope upon intercalation. The metallization of intercalated peapods is evidenced from the chemical shift anisotropy and spin-lattice relaxation (T1) measurements. The observed relaxation curves signal a three-component model with two slow and one fast relaxing components. We assigned the fast component to the unpaired electrons charged C60 that show a phase transition near 100 K. The two slow components can be rationalized by the two types of charged C60 at two different positions with a linear regime following Korringa behavior, which is typical for metallic system and allow us to estimate the density of sate at Fermi level n(EF).
References
1.
J. W.
Mintmire
, B. I.
Dunlap
, and C T.
White
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
68
, 631
(1992
).2.
R.
Saito
, M.
Fujita
, G.
Dresselhaus
, and M. S.
Dresselhaus
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
60
, 2204
(1992
).3.
J. GW.
Wildoer
, L. C.
Venerna
, A. G.
Rinzler
, R. E.
malley
, and C.
Dekker
, Nature
391
, 59
(1998
).4.
B. W.
Smith
, M.
Monthioux
, and D. E.
Luzzi
, Nature (London)
396
, 323
–324
(1998
).5.
E.
Dujardin
, T. W.
Ebbesen
, H.
Hiura
, and K.
Tanigaki
, Science
265
, 1850
–1852
(1994
).6.
R.
Pfeiffer
, H.
Kuzmany
, Ch.
Kramberger
, Ch.
Schaman
, T.
Pichler
, H.
Kataura
, Y.
Achiba
, J.
Kürti
, V.
Zólyomi
et al., Phys. ReV. Lett.
90
, 225501
(2003
).7.
A. I.
Skoulidas
, D. M.
Ackerman
, J. K.
Johnson
, and D. S.
Sholl
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
89
, 185901
(2002
).8.
T.
Takenobu
, T.
Takano
, M.
Shiraishi
, Y.
Murakami
, M.
Ata
, H.
Kataura
, Y.
Achiba
, and Y.
Iwasa
, Nature Mater.
2
, 683
–688
(2003
).9.
L. J.
Li
, A. N.
Khlobystov
, J. G.
Wiltshire
, G. A. D.
Briggs
, and R. J.
Nicholas
, Nature Mater.
4
, 481
–485
(2005
).10.
Y.
Ren
and G.
Pastorin
, Adv. Mater.
20
, 2031
–2036
(2008
).11.
A. N.
Khlobystov
, R.
Scipioni
, D.
Nguyen-Manh
, D. A.
Britz
, D. G.
Pettifor
, G.
Andrew
, and D.
Briggs
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
84
(5
) 792
(2004
).12.
T.
Pichler
, A.
Kukovecz
, H.
Kuzmany
, H.
Kataura
, and Y.
Achiba
, Phys. Rev. B
67
, 125416
(2003
).13.
S.
Kawasaki
, T.
Hara
, T.
Yokomae
, F.
Okino
, H.
Touhara
, H.
Kataura
, T.
Watanuki
, and Y.
Ohishi
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
418
, 260
–263
(2006
).14.
Y.
Zou
, B.
Liu
, M.
Yao
, Y.
Hou
, L.
Wang
, S.
Yu
, P.
Wang
, B.
Li
, B.
Zou
, T.
Cui
, G.
Zou
, T.
Wågberg
, and B.
Sundqvist
, Phys. Rev. B
76
, 195417
(2007
).15.
Y. J.
Dappe
and R.
Scipioni
, Phys. Rev. B
84
, 193409
(2011
).16.
H.
Shiozawa
, T.
Pichler
, A.
Gruneis
, R.
Pfeiffer
, H.
Kuzmany
, Z.
Liu
, K.
Suenaga
, and H.
Kataura
, Adv. Mater.
20
, 1443
–1449
(2008
).17.
A.
Pasquarello
, M.
Schlueter
, and R. C.
Haddon
, Science
257
, 1660
(1992
).18.
R. C.
Haddon
, Nature (London)
378
, 249
(1995
).19.
G.-W.
Wang
, B. R.
Weedon
, M. S.
Meier
, M.
Saunders
, and R. J.
Cross
, Org. Lett.
2
, 2241
(2000
).20.
E.
Abou-Hamad
, Y.
Kim
, A. V.
Talyzin
, C.
Goze-Bac
, D.
Luzzi
, A.
Rubio
, and T.
Wagberg
, J. Phys. Chem. C
113
, 8583
(2009
).21.
E.
Abou-Hamad
, Y.
Kim
, T.
Wagberg
, D.
Boesch
, S.
Aloni
, A.
Zettl
, A.
Rubio
, and C.
Goze-Bac
, ACS Nano
3
(12
), 3878
(2009
).22.
Y.
Kim
, E.
Abou-Hamad
, A.
Rubio
, T.
wagberg
, A. V.
Talyzin
, D.
Boesch
, S.
Aloni
, A.
Zettl
, D. E.
Luzzi
, and C.
Goze-Bac
, J. Chem. Phys.
132
, 021102
(2010
).23.
C.
Goze-Bac
, S.
Latil
, P.
Lauginie
, V.
Jourdain
, J.
Conard
, L.
Duclaux
, A.
Rubio
, and P.
Bernier
, Carbon
40
, 1825
(2002
).24.
S.
Latil
, L.
Henrard
, C.
Goze-Bac
, P.
Bernier
, and A.
Rubio
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 3160
(2001
).25.
E.
Abou-Hamad
, M.-R.
Babaa
, M.
Bouhrara
, Y.
Kim
, Y.
Saih
, S.
Dennler
, F.
Mauri
, J.-M.
Basset
, C.
Goze-Bac
, and T.
Wågberg
, Phys. Rev. B
84
, 165417
(2011
).26.
E.
Abou-Hamad
, C.
Goze-Bac
, F.
Nitze
, M.
Schmid
, R.
Aznar
, M.
Mehring
, and T.
Wågberg
, New J. Phys.
13
, 053045
(2011
).27.
M.
Bouhrara
, Y.
Saih
, T.
Wågberg
, C.
Goze-Bac
, and E.
Abou-Hamad
, J. Appl. Phys.
110
, 054306
(2011
).28.
M.
Bouhrara
, E.
Abou-Hamad
, G.
Alabedi
, I.
Al-Taie
, Y.
Kim
, T.
Wågberg
, and C.
Goze-Bac
, J. Nanomater.
2013
, 713475
(2013
).29.
M.
Schmid
, R.
Mahfouz
, M.
Bouhrara
, Y.
Saih
, M.
Mehring
, J.-M.
Basset
, C.
Goze-Bac
, and E.
Abou-Hamad
, Carbon
50
, 5292
–5300
(2012
).30.
M.
Schmid
, C.
Goze-Bac
, S.
Kramer
, S.
Roth
, M.
Mehring
, C.
Mathis
, and P.
Petit
, Phys. Rev. B
74
, 073416
(2006
).31.
Y.
Kim
, O. N.
Torrens
, J. M.
Kikkawa
, E.
Abou-Hamad
, C.
Goze-Bac
, and D.
Luzzi
, Chem. Mater.
19
(12
), 2982
(2007
).32.
R. R.
Meyer
, J.
Sloan
, R. E.
Dunin-Borkowski
, A. I.
Kirkland
, M. C.
Novotny
, S. R.
Bailey
, J. L.
Hutchisonx
, and M. L. H.
Green
, Science
289
, 1324
(2000
).33.
T.
Pichler
, H.
Kuzmany
, H.
Kataura
, and Y.
Achiba
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
87
, 267401
(2001
).34.
R. E.
Walstedt
, D. W.
Murphy
, and M.
Rosseinsky
, Nature
362
, 611
–613
(1993
).35.
F.
Rachdi
, L.
Hajji
, M.
Galtier
, T.
Yildirim
, J. E.
Fischer
, C.
Goze
, and M.
Mehring
, Phys. Rev. B
56
, 7831
(1997
).36.
C.
Goze
, F.
Rachdi
, and M.
Mehring
, Phys. Rev. B
54
, 5164
(1996
).37.
J.
Reichenbach
, F.
Rachdi
, I.
Luk'yanchuk
, M.
Ribet
, G.
Zimmer
, and M.
Mehring
, J. Chem. Phys.
101
, 4585
(1994
).38.
K.-F.
Thier
, C.
Goze
, M.
Mehring
, F.
Rachdi
, T.
Yildirim
, and J. E.
Fischer
, Phys. Rev. B
59
, 10536
(1999
).39.
T.
Yildirim
, L.
Barbedette
, J. E.
Fischer
, G. M.
Bendele
, P. W.
Stephens
, C. L.
Lin
, C.
Goze
, F.
Rachdi
, J.
Robert
, P.
Petit
, and T. T. M.
Palstra
, Phys. Rev. B
54
, 11981
(1996
).40.
G.
Zimmer
, M.
Mehring
, C.
Goze
, and F.
Rachdi
, Phys. Rev. B
52
, 13300
(1995
).41.
C.
Goze
, F.
Rachdi
, L.
Hajji
, M.
Núñez-Regueiro
, L.
Marques
, J-L.
Hodeau
, and M.
Mehring
, Phys. Rev. B
54
, R3676(R)
(1996
).42.
O. V.
Yazye
and L.
Helm
, Phys. Rev. B
72
, 245416
(2005
).43.
D.
Bormann
, J. L.
Sauvajol
, C.
Goze
, F.
Rachdi
, A.
Moreac
, A.
Girard
, L.
Forro
, and O.
Chauvet
, Phys. Rev. B
54
, 14139
(1996
).44.
H.
Alloul
, V.
Brouet
, E.
Lafontaine
, L.
Malier
, and L.
Forro
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
76
, 2922
(1996
).45.
R.
Tyck
, G.
Dabbagh
, M. J.
Rosseinsk
, D. W.
Murphy
, R. M.
Fleming
, A. P.
Ramirez
, and J. C.
Tully
, Science
253
(5022
), 884
–886
(1991
).46.
X. P.
Tang
, A.
Kleinhammes
, H.
Shimoda
, L.
Fleming
, K. Y.
Bennoune
, S.
Sinha
, C.
Bower
, O.
Zhou
, and Y.
Wu
, Science
288
, 492
(2000
).© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
2015
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.
