This paper presents a, both experimental and theoretical, study of the influence of higher order fiber dispersion parameter on the optical mm-wave generation using 3-parallel Mach Zehnder Modulators. Both individual and combined effects of the dispersion parameters, i.e., second order- and third order- (3OD) are investigated. This research demonstrates that the 3OD is significantly affected by the optical mm-wave propagation through the International Telecommunication Union fiber of different lengths. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of the experiments. The Bit error rate, Q factor, optical sideband suppression ratio, radio frequency spurious ratio, and eye diagrams are given and discussed.

1.
J.
Yao
, “
A tutorial on microwave photonics
,”
IEEE Photonics Society Newsletter
, April,
2012
.
2.
A.
Liu
,
R.
Jones
,
L.
Liao-Rubio
,
D.
Rubin
,
O.
Cohen
,
R.
Nicolaescu
, and
M.
Paniccia
, “
A high-speed silicon optical mod- ulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor
,”
Nature
427
(
6975
),
615
618
(
2004
).
3.
J.
Yu
,
Z.
Jia
, and
G. K.
Chang
, “
All-optical mixer based on cross-absorption modulation in electro-absorption modulator
,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
17
(
11
),
2421
2423
(
2005
).
4.
J.
Yao
,
G.
Maury
,
Y. L.
Guennec
, and
B.
Cabon
, “
All-optical subcarrier frequency conversion using an electrooptic phase modulator
,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
17
(
11
),
2427
2429
(
2005
).
5.
T.
Cho
and
K.
Kim
, “
Optimization of radio-on-fiber systems employing ODSB signals by utilizing a dual-electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator against IM3
,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
18
(
9
),
1076
1078
(
2006
).
6.
Z.
Deng
and
J.
Yao
, “
Photonic generation of microwave signal using a rational harmonic mode-locked fiber ring laser
,”
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
54
(
2
),
763
767
(
2006
).
7.
T.
Schneider
,
D.
Hannover
, and
M.
Junker
, “
Investigation of Brillouin scattering in optical fibers for the generation of millimeter-waves
,”
J. Lightwave Technol.
24
(
1
),
295
304
(
2006
).
8.
J.
Yu
,
J.
Gu
,
X.
Liu
,
Z.
Jia
, and
G.-K.
Chang
, “
Seamless integration of an 8 times 2.5 Gb/s WDM-PON and radio-over-fiber using all-optical up-conversion based on Raman-assisted FWM
,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
17
(
9
),
1986
1988
(
2005
).
9.
L.
Goldberg
,
A. M.
Yurek
,
H. F.
Taylor
, and
J. F.
Weller
, “
35 GHz microwave signal generation with an injection-locked laser diode
,”
Electron. Lett.
21
(
18
),
814
815
(
1985
).
10.
M.
Hyodo
,
K. S.
Abedin
,
N.
Onodera
, and
M.
Watanabe
, “
Beat-signal synchronisation for optical generation of millimeter-wave signals
,”
Electron. Lett.
39
(
24
),
1740
1741
(
2003
).
11.
R. T.
Ramos
,
P.
Gallion
,
D.
Erasme
,
A. J.
Seeds
, and
A. C.
Bordonalli
, “
Optical injection locking and phase-lock loop combined systems
,”
Opt. Lett.
19
(
1
),
4
6
(
1994
).
12.
D.
Marpaung
 et al., “
Non linear integrated microwave photonics
,”
J. Lightwave Technol.
32
(
20
),
3421
3427
(
2014
).
13.
H.
Gouraud
 et al., “
Optical fiber dispersion properties management for optimized narrowband bandpass microwave photonics slicing filter applications
,”
Opt. Commun.
265
,
506
512
(
2006
).
14.
Y.
Park
 et al., “
Ultrahigh dispersion of broadband microwave signals by incoherent photonic processing
,”
Opt. Express
18
,
14752
14761
(
2010
).
15.
L.
Li
 et al., “
Shifted dispersion-induced radio-frequency fading in microwave photonic filters using a dual-input Mach–Zehnder electro-optic modulator
,”
Opt. Lett.
38
,
1164
1166
(
2013
).
16.
J.
Zhang
,
H.
Chen
,
M.
Chen
,
T.
Wang
, and
S.
Xie
, “
A photonic microwave frequency quadrupler using two cascaded intensity modulators with repetitious optical carrier suppression
,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
19
,
1057
(
2007
).
17.
M.
Mohamed
,
X.
Zhang
,
B.
Hraimel
, and
K.
Wu
, “
Frequency sixupler for millimeter-wave over fiber systems
,”
Opt. Express
16
,
10141
(
2008
).
18.
Y.
Chen
,
A.
Wen
, and
L.
Shang
, “
Analysis of an optical mm-wave generation scheme with frequency octupling using two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators
,”
Opt. Commun.
283
,
4933
(
2010
).
19.
P.
Shi
,
S.
Yu
,
Z.
Li
,
J.
Song
,
J.
Shen
,
Y.
Qiao
, and
W.
Gu
, “
A novel frequency sextupling scheme for optical mm-wave generation utilizing an integrated dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator
,”
Opt. Commun.
283
,
3667
(
2010
).
20.
Y.
Chen
,
A.
Wen
,
J.
Guo
,
L.
Shang
, and
Y.
Wang
, “
A novel optical mm-wave generation scheme based on three parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators
,”
Opt. Commun.
284
,
1159
1169
(
2011
).
21.
S. K.
Raghuwanshi
and
M.
Singh
, “
Effect of higher order dispersion terms on microwave generation due to single mode fiber, dispersion shifted fiber and non-zero dispersion shifted fiber on lithium niobate mach-zehnder modulator
,”
Int. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. Res.
3
(
1
),
189
208
(
2013
).
22.
M.
Singh
and
S. K.
Raghuwanshi
, “
Microwave generation analysis with higher order dispersion parameters in two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators
,”
Opt. Int. J. Light Electron. Opt.
125
,
761
771
(
2014
).
23.
M.
Singh
and
S. K.
Raghuwanshi
, “
Impact of higher order dispersion on photonically assisted optical millimeter-wave generated using dual parallel electro-optic modulators
,”
Curr. Appl. Phys.
14
(
12
),
1837
1844
(
2014
).
24.
N. A.
Al-Sharee
 et al., “
A cost-effective method for high-quality 60 GHz optical millimeter wave signal generation based on frequency quadrupling
,”
Prog. Electromagn. Res.
137
,
255
274
(
2013
).
25.
W.
Li
and
J.
Yao
, “
Investigation of photonically assisted microwave frequency multiplication based on external modulation
,”
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theor. Tech.
58
(
11
),
3259
3268
(
2010
).
26.
G.
Keiser
,
Optical Fiber Communications
(
McGraw-Hill
,
2010
).
27.
ITU-T, Rec. G.655
,
Characteristics of Non Zero dispersion shifted single mode optical fiber cable
, p.
13
,
2009
.
You do not currently have access to this content.