The solution of input-output curves in an optical ring cavity containing Landau-quantized graphene is theoretically investigated taking the advantage of density-matrix method. It is found that under the action of strong magnetic and infrared laser fields, one can efficiently reduce the threshold of the onset of optical bistability (OB) at resonance condition. At non-resonance condition, we observed that graphene metamaterial can support the possibility to obtain optical multistability (OM), which is more practical in all-optical switching or coding elements. We present an analytical approach to elucidate our simulations. Due to very high infrared optical nonlinearity of graphene stemming from very unique and unusual properties of quantized Landau levels near the Dirac point, such controllability on OB and OM may provide new technological possibilities in solid state quantum information science.
References
1.
H. M.
Gibbs
, Optical Bistability: Controlling Light With Light, Quantum Electronics—Principles and Applications
(Academic Press
, 1985
).2.
A.
Hurtado
, M.
Nami
, I. D.
Henning
, M. J.
Adams
, and L. F.
Lester
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
101
, 161117
(2012
).3.
H.
Nihei
and A.
Okamoto
, Proc. SPIE
4416
, 470
–473
(2001
).4.
G.
Assanto
, Z.
Wang
, D. J.
Hagan
, and E. W.
Vanstryland
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
67
(15
), 2120
–2122
(1995
).5.
D. A.
Mazurenko
, R.
Kerst
, J. I.
Dijkhuis
, A. V.
Akimov
, V. G.
Golubev
, D. A.
Kurdyukov
, A. B.
Pevtsov
, and A. V.
Sel'kin
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
(21
), 213903
(2003
).6.
V. R.
Almeida
and M.
Lipson
, Opt. Lett.
29
, 2387
(2004
).7.
P. W.
Smith
, J. P.
Hermann
, W. J.
Tomlinson
, and P. J.
Maloney
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
35
, 846
(1979
).8.
9.
Z.
Wang
, A.-X.
Chen
, Y.
Bai
, W.-X.
Yang
, and R.-K.
Lee
, JOSA B
29
, 2891
–2896
(2012
).10.
Z.
Wang
and B.
Yu
, J. Lumin.
132
, 2452
(2012
).11.
J.-H.
Li
, X.-Y.
Lü
, J.-M.
Luo
, and Q.-J.
Huang
, Phys. Rev. A
74
, 035801
(2006
);J.-H.
Li
, Phys. Rev. B
75
, 155329
(2007
).12.
H. R.
Hamedi
, Appl. Opt.
53
(24
), 5391
–5397
(2014
).13.
K.-J.
Boller
, A.
Imamolu
, and S. E.
Harris
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
66
, 2593
(1991
).14.
Y.
Wu
and X.
Yang
, Phys. Rev. A
71
, 053806
(2005
).15.
Y.
Zhu
, Phys. Rev. A
53
, 2742
(1996
).16.
L.
Yuan
, D.
Wang
, A. A.
Svidzinsky
, H.
Xia
, O.
Kocharovskaya
, A.
Sokolov
, G. R.
Welch
, S.
Suckewer
, and M. O.
Scully
, Phys. Rev. A
89
, 013814
(2014
).17.
X.
Hao
, J.
Li
, C.
Ding
, P.
Song
, and X.
Yang
, Opt. Commun.
282
, 4276
–4282
(2009
).18.
G.
Juzeliūnas
, P.
Öhberg
, J.
Ruseckas
, and A.
Klein
, Phys. Rev. A
71
, 053614
(2005
).19.
H. R.
Hamedi
, A.
Radmehr
, and M.
Sahrai
, Phys. Rev. A
90
, 053836
(2014
).20.
C.
Ding
, J.
Li
, X.
Yang
, D.
Zhang
, and H.
Xiong
, Phys. Rev. A
84
, 043840
(2011
).21.
Y.
Wu
and X.
Yang
, Phys. Rev. A
70
, 053818
(2004
);22.
S. R.
Petersen
, T. T.
Alkeskjold
, and J.
Lægsgaard
, Opt. Express
21
(15
), 18111
–18124
(2013
).23.
Y.
Wu
and L.
Deng
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
93
, 143904
(2004
).24.
Y.
Niu
and S.
Gong
, Phys. Rev. A
73
, 053811
(2006
).25.
R.
Fleischhaker
and J.
Evers
, Phys. Rev. A
77
, 043805
(2008
).26.
C.
Hang
and G.
Huang
, Opt. Express
18
(3
), 2952
–2966
(2010
).27.
W.-X.
Yang
, J.-M.
Hou
, and R.-K.
Lee
, Phys. Rev. A
77
, 033838
(2008
).28.
L.-G.
Si
, W.-X.
Yang
, X.-Y.
Lü
, X.
Hao
, and X.
Yang
, Phys. Rev. A
82
, 013836
(2010
).29.
L.
Li
and G.
Huang
, Phys. Rev. A
82
, 023809
(2010
).30.
C.
Zhu
and G.
Huang
, Opt. Express
19
, 23364
–23376
(2011
).31.
A. K.
Geim
and K. S.
Novoselov
, Nat. Mater.
6
, 183
(2007
).32.
M. I.
Katsnelson
, Mater. Today
10
, 20
(2007
).33.
M.
Yankowitz
, J. M.
Xue
, D.
Cormode
, J. D.
Sanchez Yamagishi
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, P.
Jarillo-Herrero
, P.
Jacquod
, and B. J.
LeRoy
, Nat. Phys.
8
, 382
(2012
).34.
K. S.
Novoselov
, Z.
Jiang
, Y.
Zhang
, S. V.
Morozov
, H. L.
Stormer
, U.
Zeitler
, J. C.
Maan
, G. S.
Boebinger
, P.
Kim
, and A. K.
Geim
, Science
315
, 1379
(2007
).35.
B. E.
Feldman
, B.
Krauss
, J. H.
Smet
, and A.
Yacoby
, Science
337
, 1196
(2012
).36.
J.
Guillemette
, S. S.
Sabri
, B. X.
Wu
, K.
Bennaceur
, P. E.
Gaskell
, M.
Savard
, P. L.
Le'vesque
, F.
Mahvash
, A.
Guermoune
, M.
Siaj
, R.
Martel
, T.
Szkopek
, and G.
Gervais
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 176801
(2013
).37.
K. S.
Novoselov
, A. K.
Geim
, S. V.
Morozov
, D.
Jiang
, M. I.
Katsnelson
, I. V.
Grigorieva
, S. V.
Dubonos
, and A. A.
Firsov
, Nature (London)
438
, 197
(2005
).38.
Z. Q.
Li
, E. A.
Henriksen
, Z.
Jiang
, Z.
Hao
, M. C.
Martin
, P.
Kim
, H. L.
Stormer
, and D. N.
Basov
, Nat. Phys.
4
, 532
(2008
).39.
A. H.
Castro Neto
, F.
Guinea
, N. M. R.
Peres
, K. S.
Novoselov
, and A. K.
Geim
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
81
, 109
(2009
).40.
E.
Hendry
, P. J.
Hale
, J.
Moger
, A. K.
Savchenko
, and S. A.
Mikhailov
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
105
, 097401
(2010
).41.
K.
Kim
, S.-H.
Cho
, and C.-W.
Lee
, Nat. Photonics
6
, 502
(2012
).42.
T.
Gu
, N.
Petrone
, J. F.
McMillan
, A.
van der Zande
, M.
Yu
, G. Q.
Lo
, D. L.
Kwong
, J.
Hone
, and C. W.
Wong
, Nat. Photonics
6
, 554
(2012
).43.
S. A.
Mikhailov
, Europhys. Lett.
79
, 27002
(2007
).44.
S. A.
Mikhailov
and K.
Ziegler
, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
20
, 384204
(2008
).45.
X. H.
Yao
and A.
Belyanin
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
108
, 255503
(2012
).46.
X. H.
Yao
and A.
Belyanin
, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
25
, 054203
(2013
).47.
X. H.
Yao
and A.
Belyanin
, Proc. SPIE
8604
, 860412
(2013
).48.
X. H.
Yao
, M.
Tokman
, and A.
Belyanin
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
112
, 055501
(2014
).49.
H.
Zhou
, T.
Gu
, J. F.
McMillan
, N.
Petrone
, A.
van der Zande
, J. C.
Hone
, M.
Yu
, G.
Lo
, D.-L.
Kwong
, G.
Feng
, S.
Zhou
, and C. W.
Wong
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
, 091111
(2014
).50.
S. A.
Mikhailov
, Physica E
44
, 924
(2012
).51.
M.
Tokman
, X. H.
Yao
, and A.
Belyanin
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 077404
(2013
).52.
C.
Ding
, R.
Yu
, J.
Li
, X.
Hao
, and Y.
Wu
, J. Appl. Phys.
115
, 234301
(2014
).53.
C.
Ding
, R.
Yu
, J.
Li
, X.
Hao
, and Y.
Wu
, Phys. Rev. A
90
, 043819
(2014
).54.
S. H.
Asadpour
, H. R.
Hamedi
, and H.
Rahimpour Soleimani
, Laser Phys. Lett.
12
, 045202
(2015
).55.
D. S. L.
Abergel
and V. I.
Fal'ko
, Phys. Rev. B
75
, 155430
(2007
).56.
Y.
Zheng
and T.
Ando
, Phys. Rev. B
65
, 245420
(2002
).57.
T.
Ando
, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
74
, 777
(2005
);58.
R.
Bonifacio
and L. A.
Lugiato
, Phys. Rev. A
18
, 1129
–1144
(1978
).59.
Z.
Jiang
, E. A.
Henriksen
, L. C.
Tung
, Y.-J.
Wang
, M. E.
Schwartz
, M. Y.
Han
, P.
Kim
, and H. L.
Stormer
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
98
, 197403
(2007
).60.
61.
M. L.
Nesterov
, J.
Bravo-Abad
, A. Yu.
Nikitin
, F. J.
GarciaVidal
, and L.
Martin-Moreno
, Laser Photonics Rev.
7
, L7
(2013
).62.
H.
Dong
, C.
Conti
, A.
Marini
, and F.
Biancalana
, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
46
, 155401
(2013
).63.
J.
He
and M.
Cada
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
61
(18
), 2150
–2152
(1992
).© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
2015
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.
