Temperature dependences of dynamic hysteresis in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ ceramics extending over Curie temperature

Dynamic hysteresis of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ ferroelectric ceramics with the first-order phase transition was investigated in a wide temperature (T) range from 293 K to 433 K, which extended over its Curie temperature (T_c = 422 K) and another transition temperature (T₀ = 413 K). Three linear scaling relations were obtained when the working fields E₀ were over 1.5 times of coercive field E_c, where the well-saturated loops occurred. The highest applicable temperature of these scaling relations was T₀ (not T_c) because of the coexistence of stable ferroelectric phase and metastable paraelectric phase in the range between T₀ and T_c. As E₀ decreased, the lowest applicable temperature shifted to the higher and the temperature range became narrow.