Microstructural features and oxidation states in multiferroic Lu2Fe2.1Mn0.9O7 have been investigated by neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. Our experimental results demonstrate the disordered distribution of Mn atoms in the FeO double (W) layers, indicating that structural modulations originate from the charge disproportionation, which is evidenced by the mixed-valence states of Fe ions. TEM measurements clearly reveal Mn doping induced chemical inhomogeneity and local distortions which are associated with the charge disproportionation in the W layers. In addition, the polarization is discussed in association with the lattice distortions and charge disproportionation.
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