A variant of piezo force microscopy was used to characterize the effect of strain on polarization in [(BaTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)m]p superlattices. The measurements were compared to theoretical predictions based on phase-field calculations. When polarization is constrained to be perpendicular to the substrate, the measured polarization and domain morphology agree quantitatively with the predictions. This case allows the presence of an internal electric field in the thin film to be identified. The measured trend in piezoelectric response with strain state was in qualitative agreement with predictions, and the differences were consistent with the presence of internal electrical fields. Clear differences in domain morphology with strain were observed; and in some cases, the lateral anisotropic strain appeared to influence the domain morphology. The differences in magnitude and morphology were attributed to the internal electric fields and anisotropic strains.
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1 September 2012
Research Article|
September 04 2012
Direct determination of the effect of strain on domain morphology in ferroelectric superlattices with scanning probe microscopy
K. Kathan-Galipeau;
K. Kathan-Galipeau
1Department of Materials Science,
The University of Pennsylvania
, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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P. P. Wu;
P. P. Wu
2Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University
, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Y. L. Li;
Y. L. Li
3
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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L. Q. Chen;
L. Q. Chen
2Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University
, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
4Materials Science Department,
The Pennsylvania State University
, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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A. Soukiassian;
A. Soukiassian
5Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Cornell University
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Y. Zhu;
Y. Zhu
6School of Applied and Engineering Physics,
Cornell University
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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D. A. Muller;
D. A. Muller
6School of Applied and Engineering Physics,
Cornell University
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
7
Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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X. X. Xi;
X. X. Xi
a)
2Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University
, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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D. G. Schlom;
D. G. Schlom
5Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Cornell University
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
7
Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science
, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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D. A. Bonnell
D. A. Bonnell
1Department of Materials Science,
The University of Pennsylvania
, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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a)
Present address: Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
J. Appl. Phys. 112, 052011 (2012)
Article history
Received:
December 27 2011
Accepted:
July 11 2012
Citation
K. Kathan-Galipeau, P. P. Wu, Y. L. Li, L. Q. Chen, A. Soukiassian, Y. Zhu, D. A. Muller, X. X. Xi, D. G. Schlom, D. A. Bonnell; Direct determination of the effect of strain on domain morphology in ferroelectric superlattices with scanning probe microscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 1 September 2012; 112 (5): 052011. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4746081
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