High-field electron transport properties in a two-dimensional nanolayer are studied by an application of the anisotropic nonequilibrium distribution function, a natural extension of the Fermi-Dirac distribution by inclusion of energy gained/absorbed in a mean free path (mfp). The drift velocity for conical band structure of graphene is shown to rise linearly with the electric field in a low electric field that is below the critical electric field. The critical electric field, equal to thermal voltage divided by the mfp, marks the transition from ohmic linear transport to saturated behavior in a high electric field. As field rises beyond its critical value, the drift velocity is sublinear resulting in ultimate saturation; the ultimate saturation velocity is comparable to the Fermi velocity in graphene. The quantum emission is found not to affect the mobility, but is efficient in lowering the saturation velocity. Excellent agreement is obtained with the experimental data for graphene on silicon dioxide substrate.
REFERENCES
1.
V. K.
Arora
, “Quantum transport in nanowires and nanographene
,” in 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL2012), Nis, Serbia
(unpublished), invited paper, available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6222787&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6222787.2.
V. K.
Arora
, in Nanotechnology for Telecommunications Handbook
, edited by S.
Anwar
(CRC/Taylor and Francis Group
, Oxford, UK
, 2010
), pp. 309
–334
.3.
V. K.
Arora
, D. C. Y.
Chek
, M. L. P.
Tan
, and A. M.
Hashim
, J. Appl. Phys.
108
(11
), 114314
–114318
(2010
).4.
R.
Vidhi
, M. L. P.
Tan
, T.
Saxena
, A. M.
Hashim
, and V. K.
Arora
, Curr. Nanosci.
6
(5
), 492
–495
(2010
).5.
M. T.
Ahmadi
, M. L. P.
Tan
, R.
Ismail
, and V. K.
Arora
, Int. J. Nanotechnol.
6
(7–8
), 601
–617
(2009
).6.
K. K.
Thornber
, J. Appl. Phys.
51
(4
), 2127
–2136
(1980
).7.
H. M.
Dong
, W.
Xu
, and F. M.
Peeters
, J. Appl. Phys.
110
(6
), 063704
(2011
).8.
J.
Chauhan
and J.
Guo
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
95
(2
), 023120
(2009
).9.
T.
Fang
, A.
Konar
, H. L.
Xing
, and D.
Jena
, Phys. Rev. B
84
(12
), 125450
(2011
).10.
V. E.
Dorgan
, M. H.
Bae
, and E.
Pop
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
97
(8
), 082112
(2010
).11.
V. K.
Arora
, “Hot electrons: myth or reality
,” in International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices
, Delhi, India, 2002
, Vol. 4746(2), pp. 563
–569
[Note(s): XXXIX, p. 1460].12.
V. K.
Arora
, Curr. Nanosci.
5
(2
), 227
–231
(2009
).13.
N.
Huu-Nha
, D.
Querlioz
, S.
Galdin-Retailleau
, and P.
Dollfus
, IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices
58
(3
), 798
–804
(2011
).14.
V. K.
Arora
, “Ballistic Transport in Nanoscale Devices
,” invited paper, MIXDES 2012: 19th International Conference MIXED Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
, Wasaw, Poland, 2012
(unpublished).15.
16.
V. K.
Arora
and M. A.
Al-Mass'Ari
, Phys. Rev. B
21
(2
), 876
–878
(1980
).17.
Y. H.
Wu
, T.
Yu
, and Z. X.
Shen
, J. Appl. Phys.
108
(7
), 071301
(2010
).18.
A. H.
Castro Neto
, F.
Guinea
, N. M. R.
Peres
, K. S.
Novoselov
, and A. K.
Geim
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
81
(1
), 109
–162
(2009
).19.
K. S.
Novoselov
, S. V.
Morozov
, T. M. G.
Mohinddin
, L. A.
Ponomarenko
, D. C.
Elias
, R.
Yang
, I. I.
Barbolina
, P.
Blake
, T. J.
Booth
, D.
Jiang
, J.
Giesbers
, E. W.
Hill
, and A. K.
Geim
, Phys. Status Solidi B
244
(11
), 4106
–4111
(2007
).20.
M. L. P.
Tan
, V. K.
Arora
, I.
Saad
, M.
Taghi Ahmadi
, and R.
Ismail
, J. Appl. Phys.
105
(7
), 074503
(2009
).21.
I.
Saad
, M. L. P.
Tan
, A. C. E.
Lee
, R.
Ismail
, and V. K.
Arora
, Microelectron. J.
40
(3
), 581
–583
(2009
).22.
V. K.
Arora
, M. L. P.
Tan
, I.
Saad
, and R.
Ismail
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
(10
), 103510
(2007
).23.
P. H. S.
Wong
and D.
Akinwande
, Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Device Physics
(Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge
, 2011
).24.
I.
Gierz
, C.
Riedl
, U.
Starke
, C. R.
Ast
, and K.
Kern
, Nano Lett.
8
(12
), 4603
–4607
(2008
).25.
26.
R.
Qindeel
, M. A.
Riyadi
, M. T.
Ahmadi
, and V. K.
Arora
, Curr. Nanosci.
7
(2
), 235
–239
(2011
).27.
V. K.
Arora
, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1
24
(5
), 537
–545
(1985
).28.
M. A.
Riyadi
and V. K.
Arora
, J. Appl. Phys.
109
, 056103
(2011
).29.
G.
Samudra
, S. J.
Chua
, A. K.
Ghatak
, and V. K.
Arora
, J. Appl. Phys.
72
(10
), 4700
–4704
(1992
).30.
V. K.
Arora
, M. S. Z.
Abidin
, M. L. P.
Tan
, and M. A.
Riyadi
, J. Appl. Phys.
111
(5
), 054301
(2012
).31.
V. K.
Arora
, D. C. Y.
Chek
, and A. M.
Hashim
, Solid State Electron.
61
(1
), 87
–92
(2011
).32.
V. K.
Arora
, M. S. Z.
Abidin
, S.
Tembhurne
, and M. A.
Riyadi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 063106
(2011
).33.
M. S.
Purewal
, B. H.
Hong
, A.
Ravi
, B.
Chandra
, J.
Hone
, and P.
Kim
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
98
(18
), 186808
(2007
).34.
M.
Buttiker
and R.
Landauer
, J. Stat. Phys.
58
(1–2
), 371
–373
(1990
).35.
M.
Büttiker
, Phys. Rev. B
33
(5
), 3020
(1986
).36.
K.
Natori
, IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices
59
(1
), 79
–86
(2012
).37.
G.
Mugnaini
and G.
Iannaccone
, IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices
52
(8
), 1802
–1806
(2005
).38.
G.
Mugnaini
and G.
Iannaccone
, IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices
52
, 1795
–1801
(2005
).39.
V.
Arora
, M. L. P.
Tan
, and T.
Saxena
, Solid State Electron.
54
(12
), 1617
–1624
(2010
).40.
T.
Saxena
, D. C. Y.
Chek
, M. L. P.
Tan
, and V. K.
Arora
, IEEE Trans. Educ.
54
(1
), 34
–40
(2011
).© 2012 American Institute of Physics.
2012
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.