Dense metal plasmas obtained by self-sputtering far above the runway threshold are well suited to generate intense quiescent ion beams. The dilemma of high current density and charge state purity can be solved when using target materials of low surface binding energy by utilizing nonresonant exchange reactions before ion extraction. Space-charge-limited quiescent beams of , , and with have been obtained through multiaperture gridded ion extraction up to 45 kV from self-sputtering plasmas.
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