ZnO nanostructures were grown via carbothermal reduction vapor phase transport with carbon black, activated carbon, and graphite powders. Nanostructures can be grown at significantly lower temperatures with carbon black and activated carbon, although with different morphologies compared to graphite. The surface areas of the carbon black and activated carbon are higher than those of graphite; this has been used previously to explain the origin of such growth and morphology differences. We use different ZnO∕graphite ratios to equalize surface areas compared to carbon black and eliminate this effect, but differences in nanostructure growth and morphology remain. We discuss the effects of thermodynamics and carbon purity and conclude that the high surface activities of the carbon black and activated carbon are the reason for our results.
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1 May 2009
Research Article|
May 04 2009
Carbothermal reduction vapor phase transport growth of ZnO nanostructures: Effects of various carbon sources
M. Biswas;
M. Biswas
1School of Physical Sciences∕National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology,
Dublin City University
, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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E. McGlynn;
E. McGlynn
a)
1School of Physical Sciences∕National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology,
Dublin City University
, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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M. O. Henry;
M. O. Henry
1School of Physical Sciences∕National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology,
Dublin City University
, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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M. McCann;
M. McCann
2School of Chemical Engineering,
University College Dublin
, Dublin 4, Ireland
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A. Rafferty
A. Rafferty
3School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,
Dublin City University
, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: enda.mcglynn@dcu.ie.
J. Appl. Phys. 105, 094306 (2009)
Article history
Received:
March 02 2009
Accepted:
March 20 2009
Citation
M. Biswas, E. McGlynn, M. O. Henry, M. McCann, A. Rafferty; Carbothermal reduction vapor phase transport growth of ZnO nanostructures: Effects of various carbon sources. J. Appl. Phys. 1 May 2009; 105 (9): 094306. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3121213
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