The dynamic electric-field-induced strain in piezoelectric ceramics enables their use in a broad range of sensor, actuator, and electronic devices. In piezoelectric ceramics which are also ferroelectric, this macroscopic strain is comprised of both intrinsic (piezoelectric) and extrinsic (non-180° domain switching) strain components. Extrinsic contributions are accompanied by hysteresis, nonlinearity, and fatigue. Though technologically significant, direct measurement of these mechanisms and their relative contributions to the macroscopic response has not yet been achieved at driving frequencies of interest. Here we report measurements of these mechanisms in ceramic lead zirconate titanate during application of subcoercive cyclic driving electric fields using an insitu stroboscopic neutron diffraction technique. Calculations are made from the diffraction measurements to determine the relative contributions of these different strain mechanisms. During applied electric field square waves of unipolar and bipolar, at 1 Hz, non-180° domain switching is found to contribute 34% and 40% of the macroscopically measured strain, respectively.
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1 May 2007
Research Article|
May 04 2007
Time-resolved diffraction measurements of electric-field-induced strain in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate Available to Purchase
John E. Daniels;
John E. Daniels
a)
School of Physics,
Monash University
, Clayton 3800, Australia
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Trevor R. Finlayson;
Trevor R. Finlayson
b)
School of Physics,
Monash University
, Clayton 3800, Australia
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Andrew J. Studer;
Andrew J. Studer
Bragg Institute,
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
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Mark Hoffman;
Mark Hoffman
School of Materials Science and Engineering,
The University of New South Wales
, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Jacob L. Jones
Jacob L. Jones
c)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Florida
, P.O. Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400
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John E. Daniels
a)
School of Physics,
Monash University
, Clayton 3800, Australia
Trevor R. Finlayson
b)
School of Physics,
Monash University
, Clayton 3800, Australia
Andrew J. Studer
Bragg Institute,
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
Mark Hoffman
School of Materials Science and Engineering,
The University of New South Wales
, New South Wales 2052, Australia
Jacob L. Jones
c)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Florida
, P.O. Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400a)
Present address: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France.
b)
Present address: School of Physics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
c)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Appl. Phys. 101, 094104 (2007)
Article history
Received:
January 05 2007
Accepted:
February 23 2007
Citation
John E. Daniels, Trevor R. Finlayson, Andrew J. Studer, Mark Hoffman, Jacob L. Jones; Time-resolved diffraction measurements of electric-field-induced strain in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate. J. Appl. Phys. 1 May 2007; 101 (9): 094104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2720255
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