Complex-valued quadratic maps either converge to fixed points, enter into periodic cycles, show aperiodic behavior, or diverge to infinity. Which of these scenarios takes place depends on the map’s complex-valued parameter and the initial conditions. The Mandelbrot set is defined by the set of values for which the map remains bounded when initiated at the origin of the complex plane. In this study, we analyze the dynamics of a coupled network of two pairs of two quadratic maps in dependence on the parameter . Across the four maps, is kept the same whereby the maps are identical. In analogy to the behavior of individual maps, the network iterates either diverge to infinity or remain bounded. The bounded solutions settle into different stable states, including full synchronization and desynchronization of all maps. Furthermore, symmetric partially synchronized states of within-pair synchronization and across-pair synchronization as well as a symmetry broken chimera state are found. The boundaries between bounded and divergent solutions in the domain of are fractals showing a rich variety of intriguingly esthetic patterns. Moreover, the set of bounded solutions is divided into countless subsets throughout all length scales in the complex plane. Each individual subset contains only one state of synchronization and is enclosed within fractal boundaries by values leading to divergence.
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Research Article|
May 03 2021
Chimeras confined by fractal boundaries in the complex plane
Ralph G. Andrzejak
Ralph G. Andrzejak
a)
Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ralph.andrzejak@upf.edu
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ralph.andrzejak@upf.edu
Note: This paper is part of the Focus Issue, In Memory of Vadim S. Anishchenko: Statistical Physics and Nonlinear Dynamics of Complex Systems.
Chaos 31, 053104 (2021)
Article history
Received:
March 07 2021
Accepted:
April 16 2021
Citation
Ralph G. Andrzejak; Chimeras confined by fractal boundaries in the complex plane. Chaos 1 May 2021; 31 (5): 053104. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049631
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