Seismic time series has been mapped as a complex network, where a geographical region is divided into square cells that represent the nodes and connections are defined according to the sequence of earthquakes. In this paper, we map a seismic time series to a temporal network, described by a multiplex network, and characterize the evolution of the network structure in terms of the eigenvector centrality measure. We generalize previous works that considered the single layer representation of earthquake networks. Our results suggest that the multiplex representation captures better earthquake activity than methods based on single layer networks. We also verify that the regions with highest seismological activities in Iran and California can be identified from the network centrality analysis. The temporal modeling of seismic data provided here may open new possibilities for a better comprehension of the physics of earthquakes.

1.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Physica A
337
,
357
(
2004
).
2.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Europhys. Lett.
65
,
581
(
2004
).
3.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Phys. Rev. E
74
,
026113
(
2006
).
4.
Z.
Zheng
,
K.
Yamasaki
,
J.
Tenenbaum
,
B.
Podobnik
,
Y.
Tamura
, and
H. E.
Stanley
,
Phys. Rev. E
86
,
011107
(
2012
).
5.
D.
Taylor
,
S. A.
Myers
,
A.
Clauset
,
M. A.
Porter
, and
P. J.
Mucha
,
Multiscale Model. Simul.
15
(
1
),
537
(
2017
).
6.
M.
Kivelä
,
A.
Arenas
,
M.
Barthelemy
,
J. P.
Gleeson
,
Y.
Moreno
, and
M. A.
Porter
,
J. Complex Networks
2
,
203
(
2014
).
7.
L.
da Fontoura Costa
,
O. N.
Oliveira
, Jr.
,
G.
Travieso
,
F. A.
Rodrigues
,
P. R.
Villas Boas
,
L.
Antiqueia
,
M. P.
Viana
, and
L. E. C.
Rocha
,
Adv. Phys.
60
(
3
),
329
(
2011
).
8.
G. F.
De Arruda
,
A. L.
Barbieri
,
P. M.
Rodríguez
,
F. A.
Rodrigues
,
Y.
Moreno
, and
L.
da Fontoura Costa
,
Phys. Rev. E
90
,
032812
(
2014
).
9.
A. H.
Darooneh
and
N.
Lotfi
,
Europhys. Lett.
107
,
49001
(
2014
).
10.
B.
Gutenberg
and
C. F.
Richter
,
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.
34
,
185
(
1944
).
11.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Eur. Phys. J. B
44
,
115
(
2005
).
12.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Eur. Phys. J. B
59
,
93
(
2007
).
13.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Europhys. Lett.
87
,
48008
(
2009
).
14.
N.
Lotfi
and
A.
Darooneh
,
Eur. Phys. J. B
85
,
23
(
2012
).
15.
N.
Lotfi
and
A. H.
Darooneh
,
Physica A
392
,
3061
(
2013
).
16.
S.
Rezaei
,
A. H.
Darooneh
,
N.
Lotfi
, and
N.
Asaadi
,
Physica A
471
,
80
(
2017
).
17.
S.
Abe
and
N.
Suzuki
,
Europhys. Lett.
99
,
39001
(
2012
).
18.
See http://irsc.ut.ac.ir for Note 1, Iranian Seismological Center.
19.
See http://www.ncedc.org/ncedc/catalog-search.html for Note 2, Northern California Earthquake Catalog for California, Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory (
2014
).
20.
P. J.
Mucha
,
T.
Richardson
,
K.
Macon
,
M. A.
Porter
, and
J.-P.
Onnela
,
Science
328
,
876
(
2010
).
21.
M. A.
Porter
and
J. P.
Gleeson
,
Dynamical Systems on Networks: A Tutorial
(
Springer
,
2014
).
22.
M.
Barthelemy
,
A.
Barrat
, and
A.
Vespignani
,
Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks
(
Cambridge University Press
,
2008
).
23.
N.
Perra
and
S.
Fortunato
,
Phys. Rev. E
78
,
036107
(
2008
).
24.
E.
Estrada
and
D. J.
Higham
,
SIAM Rev.
52
,
696
(
2010
).
25.
S.
Lennartz
,
V.
Livina
,
A.
Bunde
, and
S.
Havlin
,
Europhys. Lett.
81
,
69001
(
2008
).
26.
T.
Hoffmann
,
M. A.
Porter
, and
R.
Lambiotte
,
Temporal Networks
(
Springer
,
2013
), pp.
295
313
.
27.
28.
P.
Holme
and
J.
Saramäki
,
Phys. Rep.
519
,
97
(
2012
).
29.
S.
Theodoridis
and
K.
Koutroumbas
, Pattern Recognition (
IEEE Institute of Electrical And Electronics
,
New York
,
1999
).
30.
A.
Rajabi
,
V.
Del Gaudio
,
D.
Capolongo
,
M.
Khamehchiyan
, and
M.
Mahdavifar
, in
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts
(
2009
), Vol.
11
, p.
13807
.
31.
A.
Radjaee
,
D.
Rham
,
M.
Mokhtari
,
M.
Tatar
,
K.
Priestley
, and
D.
Hatzfeld
,
Geophys. J. Int.
181
,
173
(
2010
).
You do not currently have access to this content.