Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated blood sugar, poses a growing social, economic, and medical burden worldwide. The skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ responsible for glucose homeostasis in the body, and its inability to properly uptake sugar often precedes type 2 diabetes. Although exercise is known to have preventative and therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes, the underlying mechanism of these beneficial effects is largely unknown. Animal studies have been conducted to better understand the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the positive effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes. However, the complexity of in vivo systems and the inability of animal models to fully capture human type 2 diabetes genetics and pathophysiology are two major limitations in these animal studies. Fortunately, in vitro models capable of recapitulating human genetics and physiology provide promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. This review summarizes current in vitro type 2 diabetes models with focuses on the skeletal muscle, interorgan crosstalk, and exercise. We discuss diabetes, its pathophysiology, common in vitro type 2 diabetes skeletal muscle models, interorgan crosstalk type 2 diabetes models, exercise benefits on type 2 diabetes, and in vitro type 2 diabetes models with exercise.
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In vitro skeletal muscle models for type 2 diabetes
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September 2022
Review Article|
September 13 2022
In vitro skeletal muscle models for type 2 diabetes
Christina Y. Sheng
;
Christina Y. Sheng
(Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft)
1
Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Young Hoon Son
;
Young Hoon Son
(Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Jeongin Jang
;
Jeongin Jang
(Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
2
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
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Sung-Jin Park
Sung-Jin Park
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: sung.jin.park@emory.edu
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: sung.jin.park@emory.edu
Biophysics Rev. 3, 031306 (2022)
Article history
Received:
April 18 2022
Accepted:
August 18 2022
Citation
Christina Y. Sheng, Young Hoon Son, Jeongin Jang, Sung-Jin Park; In vitro skeletal muscle models for type 2 diabetes. Biophysics Rev. 1 September 2022; 3 (3): 031306. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0096420
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