In this work, we report a system-level integration of portable microscopy and microfluidics for the realization of optofluidic imaging flow analyzer with a throughput of 450 cells/s. With the use of a cellphone augmented with off-the-shelf optical components and custom designed microfluidics, we demonstrate a portable optofluidic imaging flow analyzer. A multiple microfluidic channel geometry was employed to demonstrate the enhancement of throughput in the context of low frame-rate imaging systems. Using the cell-phone based digital imaging flow analyzer, we have imaged yeast cells present in a suspension. By digitally processing the recorded videos of the flow stream on the cellphone, we demonstrated an automated cell viability assessment of the yeast cell population. In addition, we also demonstrate the suitability of the system for blood cell counting.
References
1.
A.
Kummrow
, M.
Frankowski
, N.
Bock
, C.
Werner
, T.
Dziekan
, and J.
Neukammer
, Cytometry
83A
, 197
(2013
).2.
A.
Lévesque
, A.
Paquet
, and M.
Pagé
, Cytometry
20
, 181
(1995
).3.
E. S.
Kaneshiro
, M. A.
Wyder
, Y.-P.
Wu
, and M. T.
Cushion
, J. Microbiol. Methods
17
, 1
(1993
).4.
W.
Strober
, “APPENDIX 3B trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability
,” Curr. Protoc. Immunol.
(published online 2001
), pp. A.3B.1
–A.3B.2
.5.
M. J.
Stoddart
, Methods Mol. Biol.
740
, 1
(2011
).6.
S.
Johnson
, V.
Nguyen
, and D.
Coder
, Current Protocols in Cytometry
(Wiley Online Library
, 2013
), Chap. 9, Unit 9.2.7.
L. A. S. R. P. o. P. U. o. N. Mexico
, Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology
(Oxford University Press
, 2005
).8.
S. H.
Cho
, J. M.
Godin
, C.-H.
Chen
, W.
Qiao
, H.
Lee
, and Y.-H.
Lo
, Biomicrofluidics
4
, 43001
(2010
).9.
D. N.
Breslauer
, R. N.
Maamari
, N. A.
Switz
, W. A.
Lam
, and D. A.
Fletcher
, PLoS One
4
, e6320
(2009
).10.
A.
Skandarajah
, C. D.
Reber
, N. A.
Switz
, and D. A.
Fletcher
, PLoS One
9
, e96906
(2014
).11.
S. A.
Lee
and C.
Yang
, Lab Chip
14
, 3056
(2014
).12.
M.
Lee
, O.
Yaglidere
, and A.
Ozcan
, Biomed. Opt. Express
2
, 2721
(2011
).13.
J. S.
Cybulski
, J.
Clements
, and M.
Prakash
, PLoS One
9
, e98781
(2014
).14.
Z. J.
Smith
, K.
Chu
, A. R.
Espenson
, M.
Rahimzadeh
, A.
Gryshuk
, M.
Molinaro
, D. M.
Dwyre
, S.
Lane
, D.
Matthews
, and S.
Wachsmann-Hogiu
, PLoS One
6
, e17150
(2011
).15.
A.
Arpa
, G.
Wetzstein
, D.
Lanman
, and R.
Raskar
, in 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
(2012
), pp. 23
–28
.16.
S.
Schaefer
, S. A.
Boehm
, and K. J.
Chau
, Appl. Opt.
51
, 2581
(2012
).17.
D.
Shin
, M. C.
Pierce
, A. M.
Gillenwater
, M. D.
Williams
, and R. R.
Richards-Kortum
, PLoS One
5
, e11218
(2010
).18.
K.
Goda
, A.
Ayazi
, D. R.
Gossett
, J.
Sadasivam
, C. K.
Lonappan
, E.
Sollier
, A. M.
Fard
, S. C.
Hur
, J.
Adam
, C.
Murray
, C.
Wang
, N.
Brackbill
, D. D.
Carlo
, and B.
Jalali
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
109
, 11630
(2012
).19.
E.
Schonbrun
, S. S.
Gorthi
, and D.
Schaak
, Lab Chip
12
, 268
(2012
).20.
N. C.
Pégard
and J. W.
Fleischer
, J. Biomed. Opt.
18
, 040503
(2013
).21.
J.
Wu
, J.
Li
, and R. K. Y.
Chan
, Opt. Express
21
, 14474
(2013
).22.
E.
Schonbrun
, G.
Di Caprio
, and D.
Schaak
, Opt. Express
21
, 8793
(2013
).23.
S. S.
Gorthi
and E.
Schonbrun
, Opt. Lett.
37
, 707
(2012
).24.
S. S.
Gorthi
, D.
Schaak
, and E.
Schonbrun
, Opt. Express
21
, 5164
(2013
).25.
J.
Wu
and R. K. Y.
Chan
, Opt. Express
21
, 23921
(2013
).26.
D. A.
Basiji
, W. E.
Ortyn
, L.
Liang
, V.
Venkatachalam
, and P.
Morrissey
, Clin. Lab. Med.
27
, 653
(2007
).27.
G.
Zheng
, S. A.
Lee
, S.
Yang
, and C.
Yang
, Lab Chip
10
, 3125
(2010
).28.
X.
Cui
, L. M.
Lee
, X.
Heng
, W.
Zhong
, P. W.
Sternberg
, D.
Psaltis
, and C.
Yang
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
105
, 10670
(2008
).29.
S.
Pang
, X.
Cui
, J.
DeModena
, Y. M.
Wang
, P.
Sternberg
, and C.
Yang
, Lab Chip
10
, 411
(2010
).30.
S. A.
Lee
, R.
Leitao
, G.
Zheng
, S.
Yang
, A.
Rodriguez
, and C.
Yang
, PLoS One
6
, e26127
(2011
).31.
H.
Zhu
, S.
Mavandadi
, A. F.
Coskun
, O.
Yaglidere
, and A.
Ozcan
, Anal. Chem.
83
, 6641
(2011
).32.
W.
Bishara
, H.
Zhu
, and A.
Ozcan
, Opt. Express
18
, 27499
(2010
).33.
D.
Shin
, M.
Daneshpanah
, A.
Anand
, and B.
Javidi
, Opt. Lett.
35
, 4066
(2010
).34.
Y.
Xia
and G. M.
Whitesides
, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.
28
, 153
(1998
).35.
H.
Zhu
and A.
Ozcan
, J. Visualized Exp.
74
, e50451
(2013
).36.
A.
Bonora
and D.
Mares
, Curr. Microbiol.
7
, 217
(1982
).37.
N.-T.
Nguyen
, Biomicrofluidics
4
, 031501
(2010
).38.
A. P.
Tan
, J. S.
Dudani
, A.
Arshi
, R. J.
Lee
, H. T. K.
Tse
, D. R.
Gossett
, and D. D.
Carlo
, Lab Chip
14
, 522
(2014
).© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
2015
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.
