Cell migration is an important physiological process, which is involved in cancer metastasis. Therefore, the investigation of cell migration may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we have successfully developed a microsystem for culture of two cell types (non-malignant and carcinoma) and for analysis of cell migration dependence on distance between them. Finally, we studied quantitatively the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) procedures on the viability of pairs of non-malignant (MRC5 or Balb/3T3) and carcinoma (A549) cells coculture. The proposed geometry of the microsystem allowed for separate introduction of two cell lines and analysis of cells migration dependence on distance between the cells. We found that a length of connecting microchannel has an influence on cell migration and viability of non-malignant cells after PDT procedure. Summarizing, the developed microsystem can constitute a new tool for carrying out experiments, which offers a few functions: cell migration analysis, carcinoma and non-malignant cells coculture, and evaluation of PDT procedure in the various steps of cell migration.

Topics
Microchannel, Photolithography, Microchips, Photodynamic therapy, Photochemistry, Microfluidic devices, Diseases and conditions, Cell cultures, Cell migration, Cell lines
1.
M.
 
Marimuthu
 and
S.
 
Kim
,
Anal. Biochem.
 
413
,
81
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.027
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
2.
J.
 
El-Ali
,
P.
 
Sorger
, and
K.
 
Jensen
,
Nature
 
442
,
403
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05063
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
3.
G.
 
Walker
,
M.
 
Ozers
, and
D.
 
Beebe
,
Biomed. Microdevices
 
4
,
161
(
2002
).
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016088128057
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
4.
T.
 
Liu
,
B.
 
Lin
, and
J.
 
Qin
,
Lab Chip
 
10
,
1671
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/c000022a
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
5.
M.
 
Wang
,
E.
 
Tu
,
D.
 
Raymond
,
J.
 
Yang
,
H.
 
Zhang
,
N.
 
Hagen
,
B.
 
Dees
,
E.
 
Mercer
,
A.
 
Forster
,
I.
 
Kariv
,
P.
 
Marchand
, and
W.
 
Butler
,
Nat. Biotechnol.
 
23
,
83
(
2005
).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1050
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
6.
J.
 
Pihl
,
J.
 
Sinclair
,
M.
 
Karlsson
, and
O.
 
Orwar
,
Mater. Today
 
8
,
46
(
2005
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71224-4
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
7.
K.
 
Ziolkowska
,
E.
 
Jedrych
,
R.
 
Kwapiszewski
,
J.
 
Lopacinska
,
M.
 
Skolimowski
, and
M.
 
Chudy
,
Sens. Actuators B
 
145
,
533
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.11.010
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
8.
L.
 
Griffith
 and
M.
 
Swartz
,
Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.
 
7
,
211
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1858
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
9.
A. E.
 
Guber
,
M.
 
Heckele
,
D.
 
Herrmann
,
A.
 
Muslija
,
V.
 
Saile
,
L.
 
Eichhorn
,
T.
 
Gietzelt
,
W.
 
Hoffmann
,
P. C.
 
Hauser
,
J.
 
Tanyanyiwa
,
A.
 
Gerlach
,
N.
 
Gottschlich
, and
G.
 
Knebel
,
Chem. Eng. J.
 
101
,
447
(
2004
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2004.01.016
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
10.
F.
 
Greve
,
L.
 
Seemann
,
A.
 
Hierlemann
, and
J.
 
Lichtenberg
,
J. Micromech. Microeng.
 
17
,
1721
(
2007
).
https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/17/8/040
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
11.
A.
 
Meer
,
A.
 
Poot
,
M.
 
Duits
,
J.
 
Feijen
, and
I.
 
Vermes
,
J. Biomed. Biotechnol.
 
2009
,
823148
.
PubMed
 
12.
R.
 
Horwitz
 and
D.
 
Webb
,
Curr. Biol.
 
13
,
R756
(
2003
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.014
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
13.
C. W.
 
Wei
,
J. Y.
 
Cheng
, and
T. H.
 
Young
,
Biomed. Microdevices
 
8
,
65
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-006-6384-8
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
14.
S. N.
 
Bhatia
,
M. L.
 
Yarmush
, and
M.
 
Toner
,
J. Biomed. Mater. Res.
 
34
,
189
(
1997
).
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199702)34:2<189::AID-JBM8>3.0.CO;2-M
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
15.
W.
 
Tan
 and
T. A.
 
Desai
,
J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A
 
72
,
146
(
2005
).
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30182
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
16.
R. D.
 
Nelson
,
P. G.
 
Quie
, and
R. L.
 
Simmons
,
J. Immunol.
 
115
,
1650
(
1975
).
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
18.
A.
 
Lohof
,
M.
 
Quillan
,
Y.
 
Dan
, and
M.
 
Poo
,
J. Neurosci.
 
12
,
1253
(
1992
).
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
19.
S.
 
Zigmond
,
J. Cell Biol.
 
75
,
606
(
1977
).
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.75.2.606
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
20.
E. F.
 
Foxman
,
J. J.
 
Campbell
, and
E. C.
 
Butcher
,
J. Cell Biol.
 
139
,
1349
(
1997
).
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.5.1349
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
21.
S.
 
Menon
 and
K. A.
 
Beningo
,
PLoS ONE
 
6
,
e17277
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017277
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
22.
B.
 
Song
,
Y.
 
Gu
,
J.
 
Pu
,
B.
 
Reid
,
Z.
 
Zhao
, and
M.
 
Zhao
,
Nat. Protoc.
 
2
,
1479
(
2007
).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.205
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
23.
J.
 
Li
,
S.
 
Nandagopal
,
D.
 
Wu
,
S. F.
 
Romanuik
,
K.
 
Paul
,
D. J.
 
Thomson
, and
F.
 
Lin
,
Lab Chip
 
11
,
1298
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00371a
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
24.
F.
 
Lin
,
F.
 
Baldessari
,
C.
 
Gyenge
,
T.
 
Sato
,
R.
 
Chambers
,
J.
 
Santiago
, and
E.
 
Butcher
,
J. Immunol.
 
181
,
2465
(
2008
).
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
25.
J.
 
Li
 and
F.
 
Lin
,
Trends Cell Biol.
 
21
,
489
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2011.05.002
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
26.
S.
 
Kim
,
H. J.
 
Kim
, and
N. L.
 
Jeon
,
Integr. Biol.
 
2
,
584
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ib00055h
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
27.
P.
 
Rezai
,
A.
 
Siddiqui
,
P.
 
Selvaganapathy
, and
B.
 
Gupta
,
Lab Chip
 
10
,
220
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/b917486a
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
28.
N.
 
Minc
 and
F.
 
Chang
,
Curr. Biol.
 
20
,
710
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.047
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
29.
C. C.
 
Wang
,
Y. C.
 
Kao
,
P. Y.
 
Chi
,
C. W.
 
Huang
,
J. Y.
 
Lin
,
C. F.
 
Chou
,
J. Y.
 
Cheng
, and
C. H.
 
Lee
,
Lab Chip
 
11
,
695
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00155d
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
30.
J.
 
Li
,
L.
 
Zhu
,
M.
 
Zhang
, and
F.
 
Lin
,
Biomicrofluidics
 
6
,
024121
(
2012
).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4718721
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
31.
S.
 
Chung
,
R.
 
Sudo
,
P. J.
 
Mack
,
Ch -R.
 
Wan
,
V.
 
Vickerman
, and
R.
 
Kamm
,
Lab Chip
 
9
,
269
(
2009
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/b807585a
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
32.
X.
 
Lou
,
G.
 
Kim
,
Y. K.
 
Lee
,
R.
 
Kopelman
, and
E.
 
Yoon
, in
Proceedings of 15th International Conference on mTAS
(
2011
), p.
2058
.
33.
E.
 
Jedrych
,
Z.
 
Pawlicka
,
M.
 
Chudy
,
A.
 
Dybko
, and
Z.
 
Brzozka
,
Anal. Chim. Acta
 
683
(
2
),
149
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.005
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
34.
S. A.
 
Friesen
,
G. O.
 
Hjortland
,
S. J.
 
Madsen
,
H.
 
Hirschberg
,
O.
 
Engebraten
,
J. M.
 
Nesland
, and
Q.
 
Peng
,
Int. J. Oncol.
 
21
,
577
(
2002
).
Google Scholar
PubMed
 
35.
V. M.
 
Rossi
,
B. M.
 
White
,
M. J.
 
Newton
,
S. L.
 
Jacques
, and
P. J.
 
Baugher
,
Proc. SPIE
 
7886
,
1
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876337
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
36.
M. F.
 
Alam
,
M.
 
Atif
,
M. S.
 
AlSalhi
,
M.
 
Siddique
,
S.
 
Kishwar
,
M. I.
 
Qadir
, and
M.
 
Willander
,
Laser Phys.
 
21
,
972
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X11090076
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
37.
S.
 
Collaud
,
A.
 
Juzeniene
,
J.
 
Moan
, and
N.
 
Lange
,
Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents
 
4
,
301
(
2004
).
https://doi.org/10.2174/1568011043352984
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
38.
Y.
 
Ohgari
,
Y.
 
Nakayasu
,
S.
 
Kitajima
,
M.
 
Sawamoto
,
H.
 
Mori
,
O.
 
Shimokawa
,
H.
 
Matsui
, and
S.
 
Taketani
,
Biochem. Pharmacol.
 
71
,
42
(
2005
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.019
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
39.
M.
 
Kastle
,
S.
 
Grimm
,
R.
 
Nagel
,
N.
 
Breusing
, and
T.
 
Grune
,
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
 
50
,
305
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.012
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
40.
W.
 
Fiers
,
R.
 
Beyaert
,
W.
 
Declercq
, and
P.
 
Vandenabeele
,
Oncogene
 
18
,
7719
(
1999
).
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203249
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
41.
E.
 
Jedrych
,
S.
 
Flis
,
Z.
 
Jastrzebski
,
M.
 
Chudy
,
A.
 
Dybko
, and
Z.
 
Brzozka
,
Sens. Actuators B
 
160
,
1544
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.08.074
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
42.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4771966 for comparison of cells' introduction and growth in the microsystem after trackered with Long Term CellTrackers.
43.
Ch.
 
Betz
,
J. P.
 
Lai
,
W.
 
Xiang
,
P.
 
Janda
,
P.
 
Henrich
,
H.
 
Stepp
,
R.
 
Baumgartner
, and
A.
 
Leunig
,
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
 
1
,
315
(
2002
).
https://doi.org/10.1039/b109817a
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
44.
Ch.
 
Lu
,
G.
 
Song
, and
J. M.
 
Lin
,
TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem.
 
25
,
985
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2006.07.007
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
45.
Q.
 
Peng
,
J. M.
 
Nesland
,
K.
 
Madslien
,
H. E.
 
Danielsen
, and
J.
 
Moan
,
Proc. SPIE
 
2628
,
102
(
1996
).
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.229977
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
46.
J.
 
Moan
 and
K.
 
Berg
,
Photochem. Photobiol.
 
53
,
549
(
1991
).
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03669.x
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
47.
I.
 
Bronshtein
,
S.
 
Aulova
,
A.
 
Juzeniene
,
V.
 
Iani
,
L.-W.
 
Ma
,
K. M.
 
Smith
,
Z.
 
Malik
,
J.
 
Moan
, and
B.
 
Ehrenberg
,
Photochem. Photobiol.
 
82
,
1319
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1562/2006-04-02-RA-865
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
48.
A.
 
Korobowicz
,
Pol. Merkuriusz Lek.
 
21
(
124
),
358
(
2006
).
Google Scholar
 
49.
E.
 
Jedrych
,
M.
 
Chudy
,
A.
 
Dybko
, and
Z.
 
Brzozka
,
Biomicrofluidics
 
5
,
041101
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3658842
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
© 2012 American Institute of Physics.
2012
American Institute of Physics

Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material- zip file
You do not currently have access to this content.