We present an ultrasonic device with the ability to locally remove deposited layers from a glass slide in a controlled and rapid manner. The cleaning takes place as the result of cavitating bubbles near the deposited layers and not due to acoustic streaming. The bubbles are ejected from air-filled cavities micromachined in a silicon surface, which, when vibrated ultrasonically at a frequency of 200 kHz, generate a stream of bubbles that travel to the layer deposited on an opposing glass slide. Depending on the pressure amplitude, the bubble clouds ejected from the micropits attain different shapes as a result of complex bubble interaction forces, leading to distinct shapes of the cleaned areas. We have determined the removal rates for several inorganic and organic materials and obtained an improved efficiency in cleaning when compared to conventional cleaning equipment. We also provide values of the force the bubbles are able to exert on an atomic force microscope tip.
REFERENCES
1.
A.
Prosperetti
, Phys. Fluids
16
, 1852
(2004
).2.
D.
Lohse
, Phys. Today
56
, 36
(2003
).3.
B. M.
Borkent
, S.
Gekle
, A.
Prosperetti
, and D.
Lohse
, Phys. Fluids
21
, 102003
(2009
).4.
S.
Barnett
, G.
Ter Haar
, M.
Ziskin
, W.
Nyborg
, K.
Maeda
, and J.
Bang
, Ultrasound Med. Biol.
20
, 205
(1994
).5.
M.
Ashokkumar
and T. J.
Mason
, “Sonochemistry
,” in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
(Wiley
, 2000
).6.
J. H.
Bang
and K. S.
Suslick
, Adv. Mater.
22
, 1039
(2010
).7.
G.
Cravotto
and P.
Cintas
, Chem. Sci.
3
, 295
(2012
).8.
M. P.
Brenner
, S.
Hilgenfeldt
, and D.
Lohse
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
74
, 425
(2002
).9.
Y. T.
Didenko
and K. S.
Suslick
, Nature
418
, 394
(2002
).10.
D.
Lohse
, Nature
434
, 33
(2005
).11.
L. Y.
Yeo
and J. R.
Friend
, Biomicrofluidics
3
, 012002
(2009
).12.
P.
Marmottant
and S.
Hilgenfeldt
, Nature
423
, 153
(2003
).13.
R.
Karshafian
, P. D.
Bevan
, R.
Williams
, S.
Samac
, and P. N.
Burns
, Ultrasound Med. Biol.
35
, 847
(2009
).14.
S.
Ohl
, E.
Klaseboer
, and B.
Khoo
, Phys. Med. Biol.
54
, 6313
(2009
).15.
C.
Ohl
, M.
Arora
, R.
Ikink
, N.
De Jong
, M.
Versluis
, M.
Delius
, and D.
Lohse
, Biophys. J.
91
, 4285
(2006
).16.
C.
Ohl
, T.
Kurz
, R.
Geisler
, O.
Lindau
, and W.
Lauterborn
, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
357
, 269
(1999
).17.
H.
Lee
, A.
Homma
, E.
Tatsumi
, and Y.
Taenaka
, Int. J. Artif. Organs
13
, 17
(2010
).18.
E.-A.
Brujan
, Med. Eng. Phys.
31
, 742
(2009
).19.
R.
Dijkink
, S.
Le Gac
, E.
Nijhuis
, A.
Van den Berg
, A.
Vermes
, A.
Poot
, and C.-D.
Ohl
, Phys. Med. Biol.
53
, 375
(2008
).20.
C.-D.
Ohl
and B.
Wolfrum
, Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1624
, 131
(2003
).21.
T.
Mason
, A.
Cobley
, J.
Graves
, and D.
Morgan
, Ultrason. Sonochem.
18
, 226
(2011
).22.
P.
Riesz
and T.
Kondo
, J. Free Radic. Biol. Med.
13
, 247
(1992
).23.
A.
Cobley
, L.
Edgar
, M.
Goosey
, R.
Kellner
, and T.
Mason
, Circuit World
37
, 15
(2011
).24.
T.
Okada
, Y.
Iwai
, S.
Hattori
, and N.
Tanimura
, Wear
184
, 231
(1995
).25.
P.
Gogate
and A.
Pandit
, Ultrason. Sonochem.
11
, 105
(2004
).26.
M.
Arora
, C.
Ohl
, and D.
Lohse
, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
121
, 3432
(2007
).27.
N.
Bremond
, M.
Arora
, C.-D.
Ohl
, and D.
Lohse
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
96
, 224501
(2006
).28.
D.
Fernandez Rivas
, A.
Prosperetti
, A. G.
Zijlstra
, D.
Lohse
, and H. J. G. E.
Gardeniers
, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
49
, 9699
(2010
).29.
C.
Picioreanu
, M.
Van Loosdrecht
, and J.
Heijnen
, Biotechnol. Bioeng.
72
, 205
(2001
).30.
H.-C.
Flemming
, J.
Wingender
, and U.
Szewzyk
, Biofilm Highlights
, 1st ed., edited by J. W.
Costerton
, Springer Series on Biofilms (Springer-Verlag
, Berlin
, 2011
).31.
P.
Stoodley
, Z.
Lewandowski
, J. D.
Boyle
, and H. M.
Lappin-Scott
, Biotechnol. Bioeng.
65
, 83
(1999
).32.
P.
Stoodley
, S.
Wilson
, R.
Cargo
, C.
Piscitteli
, and C. J.
Rupp
, in Surfaces in Biomaterials 2001 Symposium Proceedings
(Surfaces in Biomaterials Foundation
, Minneapolis, USA
, 2001
), pp. 189
–192
.33.
S.
Seltzer
, I. B.
Bender
, J.
Smith
, I.
Freedman
, and H.
Nazimov
, Oral Surg. Oral Med., Oral Pathol.
23
, 500
(1967
).34.
H.-C.
Flemming
, T. R.
Neu
, and D. J.
Wozniak
, J. Bacteriol.
189
, 7945
(2007
).35.
I.
Portenier
, T.
Waltimo
, D.
Orstavik
, and M.
Haapasalo
, J. Endod.
31
, 380
(2005
).36.
L.
Kuznetsova
and W.
Coakley
, Biosens. Bioelectron.
22
, 1567
(2007
).37.
A.
Zijlstra
, “Acoustic surface cavitation
,” Ph.D. dissertation (University of Twente
, 2011
).38.
C. D.
Meinhart
, S. T.
Wereley
, and M. H. B.
Gray
, Meas. Sci. Technol.
11
, 809
(2000
).39.
S. V.
Van der Waal
, L. W. M.
Van der Sluis
, R. A.
Özok
, R. A. M.
Exterkate
, P. R.
Wesselink
, and J. J.
De Soet
, Int. Endod. J.
44
, 1110
(2011
).40.
A. N.
Jatariu-Cadinoiu
, M.
Popa
, S.
Curteanu
, and C. A.
Peptu
, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A
98A
, 342
(2011
).41.
D.
Fernandez Rivas
, L.
Stricker
, A. G.
Zijlstra
, H. J. G. E.
Gardeniers
, D.
Lohse
, and A.
Prosperetti
, “Ultrasound artificially nucleated bubbles and their sonochemical radical production
,” Ultrason. Sonochem.
(in press).42.
D.
Fernandez Rivas
, M.
Ashokkumar
, T.
Leong
, K.
Yasui
, T.
Tuziuti
, S.
Kentish
, D.
Lohse
, and H. J. G. E.
Gardeniers
, Ultrason. Sonochem.
19
, 1252
–1259
(2012
).43.
J.
Israelachvili
and R.
Pashley
, J. Colloid Interface Sci.
98
, 500
(1984
).44.
A.
Freitas
and M.
Sharma
, Langmuir
15
, 2466
(1999
).45.
R.
Vos
, M.
Lux
, K.
Xu
, W.
Fyen
, C.
Kenens
, T.
Conard
, P.
Mertens
, M.
Heyns
, Z.
Hatcher
, and M.
Hoffman
, J. Electrochem. Soc.
148
, G683
(2001
).46.
R.-H.
Yoon
, D.
Flinn
, and Y.
Rabinovich
, J. Colloid Interface Sci.
185
, 363
(1997
).47.
K.
Mittal
, “Adhesion measurement: Recent progress, unsolved problems, and prospects
,” in Adhesive Measurement of Thin Films, Thick Films and Bulk Coatings
, edited by K.
Mittal
(American Society for Testing and Materials
, Philadelphia
, 1976
), pp. 5
–16
.48.
P.
Benjamin
and C.
Weaver
, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
254
, 177
(1960
).49.
D. E.
Riemer
, IEEE Trans. Compon., Hybrids, Manuf. Technol.
CHMT-8
, 474
(1985
).50.
J.
Dini
, Electrodeposition: The Materials Science of Coatings and Substrates
(William Andrew
, 1993
).51.
52.
J.
Minford
, “Durability evaluation of adhesive bonded structures
,” in Adhesive Bonding
, edited by L.
Lee
(Plenum
, 1991
), Chap. 9, pp. 239
–284
.53.
Y. H.
An
and R. J.
Friedman
, Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion
, 1st ed. (Humana
, Totowa, NJ, USA
, 2000
).54.
W. M.
Dunne
, Jr., Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
15
, 155
(2002
).55.
S.
Bayoudh
, A.
Othmane
, L.
Mora
, and H.
Ben Ouada
, Colloids Surf., B
73
, 1
(2009
).56.
P. C. Y.
Lau
, J. R.
Dutcher
, T. J.
Beveridge
, and J. S.
Lam
, Biophys. J.
96
, 2935
(2009
).57.
C.
Mayer
, R.
Moritz
, C.
Kirschner
, W.
Borchard
, R.
Maibaum
, J.
Wingender
, and H.-C.
Flemming
, Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
26
, 3
(1999
).58.
G.
Sagvolden
, I.
Giaever
, and J.
Feder
, Langmuir
14
, 5984
(1998
).59.
J.
Vossen
, “Measurement of film-substrate bond strength by laser spallation
,” in Adhesive Measurement of Thin Films, Thick Films and Bulk Coatings
, edited by K.
Mittal
(American Society for Testing and Materials
, Philadelphia
, 1976
), pp. 122
–131
.60.
D.
Fernandez Rivas
, “Taming acoustic cavitation
,” Ph.D. dissertation (University of Twente
, 2012
).© 2012 American Institute of Physics.
2012
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
